Background: The present study is to evaluate the effect of epidural analgesia on maternal and fetal outcome. That is the duration and progress of labor, mode of delivery (spontaneous vaginal/instrumental/operative), requirement of oxytocin augmentation, Apgar score of newborn, complications following epidural analgesia and effectiveness of analgesia on labor. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at J.L.N.M.C.H Bhagalpur, a total number of 60 patients who were primigravida with full term singleton pregnancy with vertex presentation in established early labor who come under the inclusion criteria were divided randomly into two groups, group-A received epidural analgesia and group-B did not receive epidural analgesia. A detail history, P/A, P/V examination, investigations were done and epidural catheter inserted once the patient enters active phase of labor. RESULTS: Age group of patients varied from 20 – 25 years (70%) in group A and (66.7%) in group B. There was significantly increased use of oxytocin in Group A. Epidural analgesia has shortened the duration of ? stage of labor by 13.10 min and prolonged II stage of labor, when compare to control group. Maximum patients [25 (96.5%)] did not have motor blockade. Epidural analgesia has not increased the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery (6.7% vs. 0) and cesarean section rate (16.7% vs. 10%) when compare to control group. In group A-There were 11 (36%) neonates who had Apgar score ? 7 at 1 min and no neonates with Apgar score ? 7 at 5 min. In group B -There were 6 (20%) neonates who had Apgar score ? 7 at 1 min and no neonates with Apgar score ? 7 at 5 min. There were 23 (92%) patients in group A who had no pain. CONCLUSION: We concluded that epidural analgesia did not affect duration of labor or cesarean section rate and has no effect on perinatal outcome and can therefore be recommended to mothers as a satisfying and effective method of pain relief of labor.
Keywords: Apgar score; Epidural Analgesia; Instrumental delivery.
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice, has traditionally been used in various medicinal preparations as expectorant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti allergic agent. It has also prominent role in skin whitening and has anti-inflammatory and esterogenic properties. This study aims to the characterization of the bioactive constituent glabridin in plant extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate using UV-VIS and FTIR and HPLC. A wavelength scan (200-600 nm) by UV-Vis spectrophotometer was performed and the characteristic peaks were recorded. The scan confirmed presence of glabridin with λmax at 281 nm with a small number of additional phytochemicals indicated by the extra peaks. FTIR spectrum of 62% pure glabridin was compared to the spectra shown by the three extracts. Presence of glabridin in all the three extracts was corroborated by HPLC analysis with the retention time of 4.05 minute. Glabridin was also evaluated for its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne, causative agent of Acne vulgaris and found to have the detrimental effect at concentration 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm.
This paper presents a predictive model to potentially identify high-risk COVID-19 infected patients based on easily analyzed circulatory blood markers. These findings can enable effective and efficient care programs for high-risk patients and periodic monitoring for the low-risk ones, thereby easing the hospital flow of patients and can further be utilized for hospital bed utilization assessment. The present machine learning-based SV-LAR model results in a high 87% f1 score, harmonic mean of 91% precision, and 83% recall to classify COVID-19, infected patients, as high-risk patients needing hospitalization.
Introduction : Retinopathy of prematurity is a potentially blinding eye disorder that primarily affects premature infants weighing about 1750 gm or less or born before 34 weeks of gestation. It occurs when abnormal blood vessel grows and spread throughout retina. Aim: To compare efcacy of analgesia during screening of Rtinopathy of Prematurity by EBM, 10% Dextrose and Sterile Water in preterm neonates as measured by prematurity infant pain prole (PIPP) score. Material and Methods: The present study was a three-limbed randomized controlled double-blinded study. This Study was conducted over 2 years at Dept. of Paediatrics (NICU) and RIO, IGIMS, Patna. A total of 75 patients were included in this study who were eligible for ROP screening as per NNF 2020 guidelines. Result: Data of our study showed that almost all patients had Oxygenation [74 (98.7%)] and Respiratory Distress [73 (97.3%)]. Apnea was observed to be absent in more than half of the cases [42 (56%)]. In this study ROP staging was applicable for 39 cases and out of them most common stage identied was ROP Stage 2; the distribution of pain palliative method was observed to be 10% Dextrose in 26 cases (34.7%), EBM in 24 cases (32%) and sterile water in 25 cases (33.3%). The distribution of PIPP score inference elucidated that a signicantly higher number of patients had moderate pain (6-12 score) [53 (70.7%)]. In our study, higher number of patients had moderate pain (6-12) as per PIPP Score with Expressed Breast Milk [21 (91.3%)] compared to Sterile Water [17 (59.3%)] and 10% Dextrose [16 (61.5%)] and this was statistically signicant (p=0.0444). In our study Total PIPP score was highest in Sterile Water [11.4615± 1.3633] compared to 10% Dextrose [9.4231± 2.5640] and Expressed Breast Milk [9.0000± 2.3741] and this nding was statistically signicant (p=0.0002). Conclusion: EBM was found to be signicantly better in pain palliation during ROP screening as compared to 10 % Dextrose and Sterile water
Many hepatoprotective non-chemical preparations have been recommended as complementary medicine for the treatment of liver disorders. We have utilized a well-defined model of liver injury to study the efficacy of GLU-9599 (a oral bioavailable glutathione-based compound added with selenium, L-cysteine and vitamin C) designed to support liver detox function. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I represented the healthy control group; Groups II-IV were given carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intragastrically. Rats were exposed to CCl4 after they had been pretreated for five days with either saline, silymarin extract, YHK (am herbal Japanese compound with putative hepatoprotective effects) or GLU-9599. After inducing hepatic damage, Group II served as control CCl4; Group III and IV were given silymarin (reference hepatoprotective) and YHK whereas Groups V was administered GLU-9599. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after receiving CCl4. Liver enzymes and hepatic histology formed the basis for evaluating the efficacy of the treatments. Samples of livers were observed under microscope and electron microscopy (TEM) for the histopathological changes. Levels of marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased in CCl4 treated rats (Group II). Groups III, IV and V intoxicated with CCl4 and treated with the above hepatoprotective agents showed a significant decrease of the activities of these two enzymes (p<0.05). However, GLU-9599 provided a significantly stronger effect than YHK (p<0.05) and a trend improvement as compared to sylimarin. This was confirmed at histology and TEM whereas the others hepatoprotective compounds had only limited benefits on morphological abnormalities. In conclusion GLU-9599 could be a promising hepatoprotective compound of safe profile although extensive clinical studies are warranted.
Abstract Objective Hyper-pigmentation conditions may develop due to erroneous melanogenesis cascade which leads to excess melanin production. Recently, inhibition of tyrosinase is the main focus of investigation as it majorly contributes to melanin production. This inhibition property can be exploited in medicine, agriculture, and in cosmetics. Present study aims to find a natural and safe alternative molecule as tyrosinase inhibitor. Methods In this study, human tyrosinase enzyme was modelled due to unavailability of its crystal structure to look into the degree of efficacy of glabridin and its 15 derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitor. Docking was performed by Autodock Vina at the catalytic core enzyme. Glabridin effects on melanoma cell lines was also elucidated by analysing cytotoxicity and effect on melanin production. Computational ADME analysis was done by SwissADME. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed to further evaluate the interaction profile of these molecules and kojic acid (positive inhibitor) with respect to apo protein. Results Notably, four derivatives 5’-formylglabridin, glabridin dimer, 5’-prenyl glabridin and R-glabridin exhibited better binding affinity than glabridin. Glabridin effectively inhibited melanin production in a dose dependent manner. Among these, 5’-formylglabridin displayed highest binding affinity with docking score – 9.2 kcal/mol. Molecular properties and bioactivity analysis by Molinspiration web server and by SwissADME also presented these molecules as potential drug candidates. Conclusion The study explores the understanding for the development of suitable tyrosinase inhibitor/s for the prevention of hyperpigmentation. However, a detailed in vivo study is required for glabridin derivatives to suggest these molecules as anti-melanogenic compound.
This paper presents a performance comparison of various measurement matrices used in compressed sensing along with its reconstruction techniques. A measurement matrix is used to represent the significant parts of the original signal during the measurement process. The design of an optimal measurement matrix is a major challenge in the compressed sensing reconstruction process. Also its selection has a major influence on accuracy and processing time for image reconstruction. Although, in the last few decades, several measurement matrices have been explored and utilized. However, further characteristics exploration, as well as performance comparison, can provide options for a better solution. This paper presents the theory of compressive sensing along with reconstruction techniques using various modified measurement matrices and their impact on overall performance. This paper compare the performance of measurement matrices belonging to four different types using five evaluation parameters such as the recovery error, image quality through PSNR value, the structural similarity index, and mean structural similarity index of the image. Also the theoretical comparative results are validated with simulation results. It has been observed that the modified Toeplitz, and Hadamard matrices show better performance than the other measurement matrices.
Orbital cellulitis is an acute post-septal orbital infection caused mostly by bacteria. This may result in serious complications including blindness, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, and even death. The delay in treatment increases morbidity and mortality. The purpose of present study was to review cases of orbital cellulitis in recent years regarding its clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment policy, complications, and disabilities. The outcome of study will help in early diagnosis and better management of orbital cellulitis cases.
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