Localized nodular synovitis of the knee joint is a rare benign tumorous condition, and should be differentially diagnosed with pigmented villonodular synovitis. We report a case of localized nodular synovitis in the knee that was noted to have a pedicle and characteristic findings on MR image.
MR (magnetic resonance) imaging of the brachial plexus is challenging because of the complex and tangled anatomy of the brachial plexus and the multifariouness of pathologies that can put on it. Improvements in imaging techniques, including the availability of high resolution MR image systems and high channels multidetector computed tomography (CT), have led to more accurate diagnoses and improved serve for treatment planning. For the purpose of imaging and treatment of the brachioplexopathy, it is considerate to divide traumatic and nontraumatic diseases affecting the brachial plexus. MRI is the current gold standard imaging modality for nontraumatic brachial plexopathy. CT myelography is the preferred for the diagnosis of nerve root avulsions affecting the brachial plexus. Other modalities, such as CT, ultrasonography and positron emission tomography, have a limited role in the evaluation of brachial plexus pathology. High-quality, high-resolution MRI remains the main tool for imaging the brachial plexopathy.
We present a case of a 37-year-old woman who had Kimura's disease involving the lower extremity mimicking malignant soft tissue mass. The diagnosis of Kimura's disease would be considered if there is a subcutaneous solid mass showing the preservation of the nodal architecture with perinodal infiltrations and the laboratory examinations for peripheral eosinophilia and serum IgE level should be recommended although it occurs at the lower extremity.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Either an Occult or Missed Fracture of an Extremity in Pediatric-Aged ChildrenObjective: To report and assess the usefulness of ultrasound (US) findings for occult fractures of growing bones. Materials and Methods:For six years, US scans were performed in children younger than 15 years who were referred with trauma-related local pain and swelling of the extremities.As a routine US examination, the soft tissue, bones, and adjacent joints were examined in the area of discomfort, in addition to the asymptomatic contralateral extremity for comparison.Twenty-five occult fractures in 25 children (age range, five months-15 years; average age, 7.7 years) were confirmed by initial and follow-up radiograms, additional imaging studies, and clinical observation longer than three weeks. Results:The most common site of occult fractures was the elbow (n = 9, 36%), followed by the knee (n = 7, 28%), ischium (n = 4, 16%), distal fibula (n = 3, 12%), proximal femur (n = 1, 4%), and humeral shaft (n = 1, 4%).On the retrograde review of the routine radiographs, 13 out of the 25 cases showed no bone abnormalities except for various soft tissue swelling.For the US findings, cortical discontinuity (direct sign of a fracture) was clearly visualized in 23 cases (92%) and was questionable in two (8%).As auxiliary US findings (indirect signs of a fracture), step-off deformities, tiny avulsed bone fragments, double-line appearance of cortical margins, and diffuse irregularity of the bone surfaces were identified. Conclusion:Performing US for soft tissue and bone surfaces with pain and swelling, with or without trauma history in the extremities, is important for diagnosing occult or missed fractures of immature bones in pediatric-aged children.o diagnose occult fractures in skeletally immature children, radiography is often insufficient because a subtle fracture is obscured by overlapping structures and by non-perpendicular X-ray beams to the fracture line.Also, it is difficult to interpret radiographs as to whether a fracture is present or not; especially in the joint regions where growing bones are composed of unmineralized physis and cartilaginous ossification centers (1-4).Fractures account for 71% of the delayed diagnoses in pediatric trauma, with the extremities having the most common involvement (5).In contrast to trauma in adults, the evaluation of a pediatric patient is often confounded by the patient's inability to participate in the history and physical examination (1-3, 5).In these situations, performing ultrasound (US) is helpful for the early diagnosis of both soft tissue and bone injuries, resulting in appropriate and timely management.The high reflectivity of US at the interface between the cortical bone and peri-osseous soft tissues can delineate the bone cortical outline and adjacent soft tissue changes at a fractured site (4, 6).US can be performed in young children without sedation, which is frequently required for MRI to prevent a motion artifact.
Purpose: The objective of this work to construct eigenvalue maps that have information of magnitude of three primary diffusion directions using diffusion tensor images. Materials and Methods: To construct eigenvalue maps, we used a 3.0T MRI scanner. We also compared the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse matrix method and the SVD (single value decomposition) method to calculate magnitude of three primary diffusion directions. Eigenvalue maps were constructed by calculating of magnitude of three primary diffusion directions. We did investigate the relationship between eigenvalue maps and fractional anisotropy map. Results: Using Diffusion Tensor Images by diffusion tensor imaging sequence, we did construct eigenvalue maps of three primary diffusion directions. Comparison between eigenvalue maps and Fractional Anisotropy map shows what is difference of Fractional Anisotropy value in brain anatomy. Furthermore, through the simulation of variable eigenvalues, we confirmed changes of Fractional Anisotropy values by variable eigenvalues. And Fractional anisotropy was not determined by magnitude of each primary diffusion direction, but it was determined by combination of each primary diffusion direction. Conclusion: By construction of eigenvalue maps, we can confirm what is the reason of fractional anisotropy variation by measurement the magnitude of three primary diffusion directions on lesion of brain white matter, using eigenvalue maps and fractional anisotropy map.
The work is directed toward the synthesis of a series of DO3A conjugates of tranexamates (1c-e) and their Gd complexes (2c-e) for use as a liver-specific MRI CA. All these complexes show thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities comparable to those of structurally related clinical agents such as Dotarem$^{(R)}$. Their $R_1$ relaxivities also compare well with those of commercial agent, ranging 3.68-4.84 $mM^{-1}s^{-1}$. In vivo MR images of mice with 2a-e reveal that only 2a exhibits liver-specificity. Although 2b and 2c show strong enhancement in liver, yet no bile-excretion is observed to be termed as a liver-specific agent. The rest behaves much like ordinary ECF CAs like Dotarem$^{(R)}$. The new series possess no toxicity to be employed in vivo.
Fibrous dysplasia is a skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone-forming mesenchyme that manifests as a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. It is a nonhereditary disorder of unknown cause. In fibrous dysplasia, the medullary bone is replaced by fibrous tissue, which appears various imaging findings. It is usually an incidental finding, generally not requiring further investigation. However, fibrous dysplasia may be complicated by pathologic fracture, and rarely by malignant degeneration. We present the image findings of a 44-year-old man who had a chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femur. Evidence of cortical destruction on plain radiography and soft tissue mass in the lesion on MR images suggested a tumor of malignant transformation.
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