Jana Kholová

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

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Vincent Vadez

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Murugesan Tharanya

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Sunita Choudhary

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Rajeev K. Varshney

Murdoch University

Rekha Baddam

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Thiyagarajan Thirunalasundari

Bharathidasan University

Graeme Hammer

University of Queensland

Pooran M. Gaur

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Vadez

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International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

143

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Agriculture and Food

University of Queensland

Université de Montpellier

University of California, Davis

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

International Center for Tropical Agriculture

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Agropolis International

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In pursuit of a better world: crop improvement and the CGIAR

Journal of Experimental Botany (2021)

Jana Kholová Milan O. Urban James H. Cock Jairo Arcos Elizabeth Arnaud

The CGIAR crop improvement (CI) programs, unlike commercial CI programs, which are mainly geared to profit though meeting farmers' needs, are charged with meeting multiple objectives with target populations that include both farmers and the community at large. We compiled the opinions from >30 experts in the private and public sector on key strategies, methodologies, and activities that could the help CGIAR meet the challenges of providing farmers with improved varieties while simultaneously meeting the goals of: (i) nutrition, health, and food security; (ii) poverty reduction, livelihoods, and jobs; (iii) gender equality, youth, and inclusion; (iv) climate adaptation and mitigation; and (v) environmental health and biodiversity. We review the crop improvement processes starting with crop choice, moving through to breeding objectives, production of potential new varieties, selection, and finally adoption by farmers. The importance of multidisciplinary teams working towards common objectives is stressed as a key factor to success. The role of the distinct disciplines, actors, and their interactions throughout the process from crop choice through to adoption by farmers is discussed and illustrated.

10.1093/jxb/erab226

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Citations (51)

Transpiration efficiency variations in the pearl millet reference collection PMiGAP

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2024)

Laura Grégoire Jana Kholová Rakesh K. Srivastava C T Hash Yves Vigouroux

Transpiration efficiency (TE), the biomass produced per unit of water transpired, is a key trait for crop performance under limited water. As water becomes scarce, increasing TE would contribute to increase crop drought tolerance. This study is a first step to explore pearl millet genotypic variability for TE on a large and representative diversity panel. We analyzed TE on 538 pearl millet genotypes, including inbred lines, test-cross hybrids, and hybrids bred for different agroecological zones. Three lysimeter trials were conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2015, to assess TE both under well-watered and terminal-water stress conditions. We recorded grain yield to assess its relationship with TE. Up to two-fold variation for TE was observed over the accessions used. Mean TE varied between inbred and testcross hybrids, across years and was slightly higher under water stress. TE also differed among hybrids developed for three agroecological zones, being higher in hybrids bred for the wetter zone, underlining the importance of selecting germplasm according to the target area. Environmental conditions triggered large genotype-by-environment interactions, although TE showed some moderately high heritability. Transpiration efficiency was the second contributor to grain yield after harvest index, hence its relevance in pearl millet breeding programs. Future research on TE in pearl millet should focus (i) on investigating the causes of its plasticity i.e. the GxE interaction (ii) on studying its genetic basis and its association with other important physiological traits.

Germ plasm

Drought Tolerance

Water Use Efficiency

Trait

10.1101/2024.02.16.580642

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Citations (1)

X-ray driven peanut trait estimation-Plant Methods paper

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2022)

Jana Kholová Krithika Anbazhagan Stefan Gerth Sunita Choudhary

The ground-truth dataset linked to the research article "X-ray driven peanut trait estimation: Computer vision aided agri-system transformation" of Plant Methods is available in this data repository. Description of the headers: Peanut variety name [39 peanut varieties were used] Variety number [number linked to variety] Variety Type [Breeding lines, Released popular cultivar, or Farmers' produce] Rep [number of replicates per sample used in the study] Corresponding TIFF image number kernel_weight_(g) [unit = g] shell_weight_(g) [unit = g] percentage_shelling_(%) [unit = %] For additional information please contact the corresponding author Jana Kholova (j.kholova@cgiar.org)

Trait

10.5281/zenodo.6576078

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Machine Learning-Powered Models for Near-Infrared Spectrometers: Prediction of Protein in Multiple Grain Cereals

Keerthi Chadalavada Krithika Anbazhagan Adama Ndour Sunita Choudhary William M. Palmer

Achieving global goals on sustainable nutrition, health, and wellbeing will depend on delivering enhanced diets to humankind. This will require, among others, instantaneous access to information on food quality at key points within agri-food systems. Although stationary methods are usually used to quantify grain quality (wet-lab chemistry, benchtop NIR spectrometer); these do not suit many required user-cases, such as stakeholders in decentralized agri-food-chains that are typical for emerging economies. Therefore, we explored new technologies and models that might aid these particular user-cases. For this purpose, we generated the NIR spectra of 328 grain samples from multiple cereals (finger millet, foxtail millet, maize, pearl millet, sorghum) with a standard benchtop NIR Spectrometer (DS2500, FOSS) and a novel mobile NIR-based sensor (HL-EVT5, Hone). We explored a range of classical deterministic and novel machine learning (ML)-driven models to build calibrations out of the NIR spectra. We were able to build relevant calibrations out of both types of spectra. At the same time, ML-based methods enhanced the prediction capacity of calibration models compared to classical deterministic methods. We also documented that the prediction of grain protein content based on NIR spectra generated by a mobile sensor (HL-EVT5, Hone) was highly relevant for quantitative protein predictions (R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.97, RPD = 3.48). Thus, the findings of this study lay the foundations on which to expand the utilization of NIR spectroscopy applications for agricultural research and development.

Grain Quality

10.20944/preprints202202.0335.v1

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Citations (1)

Promoting new crop cultivars in low-income countries requires a transdisciplinary approach

Nature Plants (2024)

Jana Kholová Milan O. Urban Miroslava Bavorová Salvatore Ceccarelli Lutomia Cosmas

10.1038/s41477-024-01831-8

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Got All the Answers! What Were the Questions? Avoiding the Risk of “Phenomics” Slipping into a Technology Spree

Concepts and strategies in plant sciences (2021)

Vincent Vadez Jana Kholová Grégoire M. Hummel Uladzimir Zhokhavets

Phenomics

Emerging Technologies

10.1007/978-3-030-73734-4_11

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Citations (2)

Fully automated region of interest segmentation pipeline for UAV based RGB images

Biosystems Engineering (2021)

Shreeshan Sadashivan Subhra Shankha Bhattacherjee Gattu Priyanka P. Rajalakshmi Jana Kholová

Region of interest

RGB color model

Feature (linguistics)

10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.032

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Citations (3)

Sorghum: General Crop-Modelling Tools Guiding Principles and Use of Crop Models in Support of Crop Improvement Programs in Developing Countries

Springer eBooks (2020)

Jana Kholová Myriam Adam Madina Diancoumba Graeme Hammer Amir Hajjarpoor

Crop Diversity

Crop simulation model

10.1007/978-981-15-8249-3_8

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Citations (4)

Responses to Increased Moisture Stress and Extremes: Whole Plant Response to Drought under Climate Change

Vincent Vadez Jana Kholová Sunita Choudhary Paul Zindy Médulline Terrier

Research on adaptation of crops to drought has received considerable attention over the past century. With the current and predicted increases in temperature and likely decreases in rainfall, drought research will take on added significance and urgency. Due to an increase in temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), climate change will affect plant water relations along the whole soil-plant-atmosphere continuum even when soil water is plentiful. Studying how plants regulate water use under well-watered conditions, a neglected aspect of drought research, will be as important as studying the water relations and water use during periods of drought. Research on the major areas of resistance to water flow, at the root and leaf level, will be required. In addition to these thermodynamic aspects related to an increase in VPD, the increase in temperature and reduction in rainfall will also decrease the length of the growing period and shorten the cropping cycle. In addition, higher VPD may also decrease leaf expansion in certain genotypes of crops, limiting biomass accumulation and water use. Therefore, a new equilibrium between genotype duration and soil water balance will be required to ensure maximization of light capture while optimizing the use of soil water. After decades of breeding for short-duration cultivars for drought-prone environments, breeding for medium-duration cultivars may be needed, and this could be the fastest and easiest solution to mitigate the effects of climate change. The increase in VPD will also decrease water productivity, although this will be in part counterbalanced by an increased CO2 concentration. Search for germplasm capable of maintaining high water productivity under higher VPD will be required.

Water balance

Water use

Water Use Efficiency

Limiting

10.1002/9780470960929.ch14

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Citations (30)

Breeding for enhanced drought resistance in barley and wheat - drought-associated traits, genetic resources and their potential utilization in breeding programmes

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (2014)

Klára Kosová Pavel Vítámvás Milan O. Urban Jana Kholová Ilja Tom Prášil

Drought represents the most devastating abiotic stress factor worldwide. It severely limits plant growth and development as well as agricultural characteristics including the final yield. The aim of this review is to summarise recent results of the breeding of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum; T. durum) for improved resistance to drought stress. First, drought-associated terms and definitions are outlined and plant strategies to cope with drought are presented. A brief overview of plant physiological mechanisms involved in water uptake and release is provided. Photosynthesis-related parameters (CO2 availability and associated features such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, 13C discrimination activity, water use efficiency) are discussed due to the crucial role of plant leaf stomata in both photosynthesis and water management. The second part describes the present state of research on drought resistance-associated traits in barley and wheat. Different strategies of plant water management aimed at maximising the final yield under various types of drought stress are discussed. Possibilities of the detection, identification and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in barley and wheat germplasm are discussed and the future approaches to breeding for enhanced drought resistance as a complex physiological and agronomical trait are outlined.

Germ plasm

Drought Tolerance

Plant Breeding

Water Stress

Drought Resistance

10.17221/118/2014-cjgpb

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Citations (47)