Objective To study the safety and feasibility of total cerebral angiography through transradial approach. Methods Sixty patients with positive Allen test were selected, without contraindications for cerebral angiography. After local administration of 1% lidocaine, the radial artery was punctured and a 5 Fr sheath was placed within the radial artery using seldinger technique and followed by aortic arch angiography respectively, using 5 Fr pig-tail and 5 Fr Simmon 3 catheters. Results Technical success was achieved in 58/60(96.7%). The rest 2 cases underwent ipsilateral transhumoral angiography due to failure of transradial approach. All patients presented a palpable pulse after procedure with no symptoms and signs of hand ischemia or other major complications. Conclusion Transradial cerebral angiography is safe and feasible with higher success rate, less complications, and more comfort; and ought to be adopted as the first choice for those who are eligible for this approach.
Objective
In this study, phage display technology was used to construct the human anti-Zika virus(ZIKV), phage antibody library and to obtain and express the monoclonal antibody. The aim was to master the preparation and expression of human phage antibody library screening method for highly specific antibodies.
Methods
The whole blood samples of Zika patients were collected and the lymphocytes were isolated. The RT-PCR method was used to amplify the antibody light chain and heavy chain Fab gene from lymphocyte Ig mRNA. The pComb3H system was used to construct the gene with genetic diversity Preparation of human anti-ZIKV phage antibody library. The purified antibody library was screened by using the purified ZIKV and the obtained ZIKV E protein antigen.
Results
The monoclonal antibody Fab fragment gene was successfully obtained for the ZIKV E protein antigen. The gene can be efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli.
Conclusions
According to the sequence analysis, this study showed that the monoclonal antibody was a new human genetically engineered antibody against ZIKV, which laid the foundation for the early diagnosis of ZIKV, and obtain a specific monoclonal antibody to ZIKV for human treatment of ZIKV infection.
Key words:
Human genetically engineered antibody; ZIKV; Phage display; Fab fragment
The neuroprotection of induced hypothermia has been investigated intensively and confirmed in animal models and it has been used clinically in many fields since the finding of sub-hypothermia can also reduce cerebral injury. However the use of hypothermia in clinics is limited by the simultaneously induced systemic complications. Recently the sub-hypothermia induced by hypothermic regional arterial perfusion is proved to be the most effective method to reach the goal, including hypothermic normal saline with no influences on whole body temperature, cardiac rhythm and blood coagulation. According to the well development, fruitful achievement in the present status of this field, we are surely to have the inspiration for the further investigation and development of regional cerebral sub-hypothermia with perfusion of hypothermic liquids.
Objective
To compare the cross-reactivity of four commercialized IgG ELISA kits for dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, and to evaluate the commercialized IgG kits for the flaviviruses by using serum samples from healthy people.
Methods
Convalescent serum samples from 3 cases each of dengue virus, Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus infections were selected to evaluate the cross-reactivity of the commercialized IgG ELISA kits by detecting IgG against the four viruses. The serum samples were collected from healthy people in Jiangmen where imported Zika cases were confirmed before collection, and four flavivirus IgG antibodies were detected. Finally, plaque reduction neutralization test was conducted to verify the positive result of Zika virus IgG antibody detected by ELISA.
Results
The test results of dengue fever, Zika and Japanese encephalitis in convalescent serum samples showed cross-reactions among dengue virus, Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus with the commercialized IgG kits. Among the 78 serum samples from healthy people, the positive rates of dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses were 0%, 10.25%, 47.43% and 0%, respectively by ELISA. Further test showed that there was no neutralizing antibody in the 8 samples that were positive of IgG against Zika virus.
Conclusions
Cross reactivity was found in the commercialized flavivirus IgG ELISA kits, false positive results will be detected. It is recommended that ELISA test should be combined with other serological methods for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation.
Key words:
Flavivirus; ELISA kit; Cross-reactivity; Plaque reduction Neutralization test
Objective To investigate the effects of the combination therapy of nimodipine with superoxide dismutase for reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Forty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, nimodipine, superoxide dismutase, nimodipine plus superoxide dismutase and control groups. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced by the intraluminal suture method; Reperfusion was performed 4 hours after cerebral ischemia. At 20 minutes before reperfusion after cerebral ischemia, 12 h and 36 h after reperfusion, the medications were injected slowly into the tail veins of rats. The survival rate of rats was calculated 48 hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and the volumes of cerebral infarction and neurological deficit scores were measured. Results ① The survival rate of rats in the four groups were 41.7%, 27.3%, 70.0% and 25%, respectively. The survival rate in nimodipine plus superoxide dismutase group is higher than that in the control group (P0.05). ② Neurological deficit scores were 4.39±0.197, 4.47±0.492, 3.79±0.521 and 4.67±0.709, respectively. Neurological deficit scores in nimodipine plus superoxide dismutase group were less than those in the control group (P0.01) and the other two medication groups (P0.05). ③ Cerebral blood flow in rats was 96±23%, 81±19.457%, 129±47.053% and 79±40.533%, respectively. In comparison to the other medication groups, the nimodipine plus superoxide dismutase group has a higher cerebral blood flow (P0.05). ④ The volumes of cerebral infarction in rats were 261.20±55, 261.17±59, 128.53±58and 383.50±59mm3, respectively. The volumes of cerebral infarction in nimodipine plus superoxide dismutase group was less than control group (P0.05) and the other 2 medication groups (P0.01, P0.05, respectively). Conclusion The neuroprotective effects of combination of nimodipine and superoxide dismutase on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats were better than the single of the two medications.
Abstract Background: In the summer of 2019 an outbreak of Nosocomial infections in a newborn nursery occurred in a Shunde hospital near Foshan, resulting in five babies deaths. Echovirus-11 was proven to be the responsible agent. Echovirus-11 infections are a significant health threat in the hospitals and occasionally cause severe neurological complications and even death in children. Although good hand hygiene is important for controlling infection, relevant data regarding the efficacy of widely used hand disinfectants against Echovirus-11 are still lacking. Aim: To investigate the virucidal activity of widely used hand disinfectants against Echovirus-11. Methods: The 13 widely used hand disinfectants from Guangdong hospitals were tested for virucidal activity against Echovirus-11 with the identification test of residual disinfectants removal and the suspension test with a 60 s exposure time based on Technical Standard For Disinfection (2002). Findings: Both Disinfectant A and Disinfectant C achieved a mean log10 reduction factor in Echovirus-11 titre of ≥ 5.00, respectively, within 60 s. Disinfectant B, Disinfectant D, Disinfectant H and Disinfectant M had an effect on Echovirus-11 in a mean log10 reduction factor of ≥ 4.00.By contrast, Disinfectant E, Disinfectant F, Disinfectant G, Disinfectant I, Disinfectant J, Disinfectant K and Disinfectant L didn't improved the mean log10 reduction factor in Echovirus-11 titre with producing a factor of ＜4 after a 60 s exposure time. Conclusions : 46.2% (6/13 products) of widely used hand disinfectants have effectiveness against Echovirus-11. In general, it is risky to rely too much on hand disinfectants. In case of epidemic season or definite enterovirus contamination, washing hands with soap and water is recommended for reducing viral contamination of enterovirus 11 in clinical practice, rather than hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand disinfectants alone.
Objective To establish a reversible middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion model with endovascular coil placement in rhesus monkeys.Methods Four adult male healthy rhesus monkeys were selected as experimental animals.A coil(2 mm×10 cm) was implanted into the origin of MCA(undetachable) using the endovascular interventional techniques.The MCA blood flow was blocked completely for 2 hours,and then the coil was withdrawn and the MCA blood flow was restored.A reversible MCA occlusion model was induced initially.Whether the animal model successful or not was evaluated by digital subtraction angiography(DSA),magnetic resonance angiography(MRA),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and neurological deficits.Results The coils were implanted into the origins of MCA successfully in 4 rhesus monkeys.After coil release,the MCA blood flow was blocked completely.The distal blood vessels did not develop.Being blocked for 2 hours,the MCA blood flow was restored after withdrawing the coils.Being blocked for 2 hours,MRI examination showed that T1-and T2-weighted images of the 4 animals did not reveal any infarction lesions.The cortex and basal ganglia on the diffusion-weighted images(DWI) appeared abnormal high signals,and the brain hemisphere of MCA blocked side was swollen.MRA examination showed that the MCA was blocked completely.The animals had the symptoms of neurological deficit,such as hemiplegia and mouth askew.Conclusion Inducing a reversible MCA occlusion model with endovascular coil technique in rhesus monkeys has a high successful rate and mild injury.
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