Background Degenerative change in articular cartilage is one of the most important factors in the development of osteoarthritis. Shear wave elastography can be used to identify pathologic cartilage. Purpose To evaluate distal femoral cartilage by shear wave elastography in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Material and methods Twenty patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (study group) and 20 volunteers with the same demographic characteristics but without symptomatic knee pain (control group) were included in the study. A total of 80 knee joints of 40 individuals were evaluated. At the medial, intercondylar, and lateral condylar levels distal femoral cartilage thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasonography and stiffness was measured by shear wave elastography. Results The medial, intercondylar, and lateral cartilage thickness measurements were similar between the two groups and no statistically significant difference was observed ( P = 0.711, P = 0.766, and P = 0.575, respectively). The shear wave velocity values in the medial and intercondylar cartilage were significantly higher in the study group ( P = 0.002). Shear wave velocity values measured from lateral cartilage were higher in the study group and the difference between the groups had a borderline statistical significance ( P = 0.053). Conclusion Shear wave elastography seems to be a reliable, non-invasive, and acceptable method for the assessment of pathologic cartilage.
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of shear-wave elastography (SWE) in the differentiation of transudative and exudative pleural effusions. This monocentric study comprised 60 cases (17 transudative, 43 exudative).Transthoracic SWE was performed in 60 cases for whom to use thoracentesis for the pleural fluid analysis was planned. The mean SWE values of each patient were recorded, and the correlation between the biochemical analysis results of pleural fluid after thoracentesis and SWE findings was evaluated. The effusion SWE values and biochemical analysis results were compared. Of the 60 patients who participated in this study, 32 (53.4) were male and 28 (46.6%) were female. The mean ± SD age was 59 ± 17.09 years (range = 21-89 years). Simultaneous serum biochemical analysis was performed for the patients with PE. The mean ± SD shear-wave velocity value of the transudative fluid was calculated 2.29 ± 0.41 (1.6-2.94), whereas the mean ± SD shear-wave velocity value of the exudative pleural fluid was calculated as 3.29 ± 0.63 (2.01-4.88) (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that sensitivity and specificity were found as 91% and 76.5%, respectively, when the cutoff value was selected as 2.52 m/s in the differentiation of the transudative and exudative effusions.Shear-wave elastography may help in the differentiation of transudative and exudative of the pleural effusions.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health concern with major risks for opportunistic infections and predisposition to malignancies including Kaposi sarcoma associated with Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) commonly associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). Although the exact mechanisms of predisposition to certain malignancies are unclear, HIV (+) cancer patients typically have poorer prognosis.We included all five HIV positive NHL patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chemotherapy in our clinic and aim to determine their follow-up outcomes associated with ART.The use of ART in conjunction with chemotherapy regimens lead to better therapeutic outcome in our cases with no mortality over three years of follow-up despite high rates of poor prognostic factors and studies demonstrating 1-year survival rates of approximately 30% in HIV-associated lymphoma. No significant adverse effect has been recorded.We recommend use of ART along with chemotherapy regimens in HIV positive lymphoma patients for better treatment response.
BACKGROUND:In the present study, the role and efficiency of strain elastography (SE) were evaluated in diagnosis and staging of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We enrolled 225 pediatric patients with suspected clinical and laboratory findings of acute appendicitis. Gray-scale sonographic findings were recorded and staging was made by the colorization method of SE imaging. Appendectomy was performed in all patients and the results of the surgical pathology were compared with the imaging findings. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SE imaging were determined in terms of evaluating the "acute appendicitis". RESULTS:Sonographic evaluation revealed acute appendicitis in 100 patients. Regarding the SE analysis, cases with appendicitis were classified into 3 groups as: mild (n=17), moderate (n=39), and severe (n=44). The pathological evaluation revealed 95 different stages of appendicitis and normal appendix in 5 cases: acute focal (n=10), acute suppurative (n=46), phlegmonous (n=27), and perforated (n=12), regarding the results of surgical pathology. Five patients with pathologically proven "normal" appendix were noted as "mild stage appendicitis" based on gray scale and SE analysis. In total, when gray-scale and SE results were compared with pathology results regardless of the stage of appendicitis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy rates were 96%, 96%, 95%, 96.8%, and 96%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was detected between other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:In acute appendicitis, the use of SE imaging as a supportive method for the clinical approach can be useful in diagnosis, and its results are closely correlated with the histopathologic stage of appendix inflammation.
To compare maternal liver elasticity scores by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastosonography in healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies and its association with the severity of the disease.Forty-two healthy, 33 mild, 33 severe preeclamptic and 28 pregnant women with Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome were included into the study. Maternal liver elasticity was measured by ARFI elastosonography at the first day of puerperium. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of the patients were retrieved from the medical records.The ARFI-Mean liver elastosonography scores of controls and mild preeclamptic women were lower than severe preeclamptic and HELLP syndrome women (p: 0.001). The mean ARFI elastosonography score >1.22 m/s indicated the effect of severe preeclampsia on maternal liver elasticity with 72.7% sensitivity and 74.7% specificity (Area under curve [AUC], 0.835, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.757-0.913). The mean ARFI elastosonography score >1.31 m/s indicated the effect of HELLP syndrome on maternal liver elasticity with 78.6% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity (AUC, 0.794, 95% CI, 0.695-0.892).The maternal liver becomes stiffer in severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome measured by ARFI elastosonography. The increased maternal liver ARFI scores may alert the obstetrician about the possible maternal puerperal morbidity.
Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification (VTTQ) is a promising new implementation of the acoustic radiation force pulsed ultrasound technique that has gained popularity in recent years.The present study compares the performance of the VTTQ technique in distinguishing between prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).VTTQ was performed on 91 prostate nodular lesions in 72 patients with BPH and suspected PCa prior to a prostate histopathologic examination, while 35 healthy volunteers were included in the study as controls.The mean shear wave velocity (SWV) values of the central and peripheral prostate zone were measured in the healthy volunteers, with the SWV at each nodular lesion quantified through the implementation of an acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI).The performance of VTTQ in discriminating between PCa and BPH was compared, and the diagnostic value of VTTQ for PCa was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and cut-off value.Histopathological examinations detected PCa in 21 of the 91 nodular lesions and BPH in 70.The SWV values (m/s) were significantly higher in prostate cancer than in the BPH and central-peripheral prostate zones (3.85±0.78,2.29±1.03,1.65 ±0.95, 1.14±0.56).The mean SWV values of the central-peripheral prostate zones were found to be significantly different from each other.We determined an SWV cut-off value of 3.09 m/s for differentiating between benign and malignant nodules, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 80%, respectively.VTTQ can effectively determine the stiffness of prostate nodular lesions, with significantly higher performance discrimination between PCa and BPH.