Ona Auškalnienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

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Gražina Kadžienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Daiva Janušauskaitė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

A. Auškalnis

G. Pšibišauskienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Skaidrė Supronienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Simona Pranaitienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Agnė Veršulienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Povilas Svegzda

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Jurgita Cesevičienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Oleksandr Ivashchenko

National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Cooperative Institutions

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Aleksandras Stulginskis University

Institute of Sugar Beet

Agroécologie

Vytautas Magnus University

Slagelse Hospital

Aarhus University

Polish Academy of Sciences

Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences

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Oilseed Rape, Wheat, and Barley Grain Contamination as Affected by Different Glyphosate Usage

Plants (2023)

Gražina Kadžienė Simona Pranaitienė Ona Auškalnienė Agnė Veršulienė Skaidrė Supronienė

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides, but is still in the spotlight due to its controversial impact on the environment and human health. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different glyphosate usages on harvested grain/seed contamination. Two field experiments of different glyphosate usage were carried out in Central Lithuania during 2015-2021. The first experiment was a pre-harvest application, with two timings, the first according to the label (14-10 days), and the other applied 4-2 days before harvest (off-label), performed in winter wheat and spring barley in 2015 and 2016. The second experiment consisted of glyphosate applications at label rate (1.44 kg ha-1) and double dose rate (2.88 kg ha-1) at two application timings (pre-emergence of crop and at pre-harvest), conducted in spring wheat and spring oilseed rape in 2019-2021. The results suggest that pre-emergence application at both dose rates did not affect the harvested spring wheat grain or spring oilseed rape seeds-no residues were found. The use of glyphosate at pre-harvest, despite the dosage and application timing, led to glyphosate's, as well as its metabolite, aminomethosphonic acid's, occurrence in grain/seeds, but the amounts did not reach the maximum residue levels according to Regulation (EC) No. 293/2013. The grain storage test showed that glyphosate residues remain in grain/seeds at steady concentrations for longer than one year. A one year study of glyphosate distribution within main and secondary products showed that glyphosate residues were mainly concentrated in wheat bran and oilseed rape meal, while no residues found in cold-pressed oil and wheat white flour, when glyphosate used at pre-harvest at the label rate.

Wheat grain

10.3390/plants12061335

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Citations (11)

Bacterial Communities: Interaction to Abiotic Conditions under Effect of Anthropogenic Pressure

Sustainability (2023)

Monika Vilkienė Ieva Mockevičienė Gražina Kadžienė Danutė Karčauskienė Regina Repšienė

Relationships between different microorganisms’ groups and the soil environment are reversible, and the state of the soil and its provided services can also change the structure and abundance of microorganisms as well as that microorganisms can affect soil conditions. The aim of our research was to analyze the physical and chemical properties of differently formed agroecosystems, which are affected by different anthropogenic pressures and to compare how bacterial composition differ in totally different environments. It was established that different soil microorganisms’ physiological groups significantly correlated with chemical and physical soil properties: atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed a positive correlation with soil pHKCl, Nsum, P2O5, and soil bulk density; meanwhile, soil porosity, and the K2O amount in the soil negatively affected the population of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The same tendencies were inherent to actinomycetes and ammonifying bacteria. Micromycetes showed a negative trend with soil pHKCl, showing that soils with lower pHKCl are characterized by a higher abundance of micromycetes. Analysis of the taxonomic diversity of soil microbes reveals that the bacterial communities were dominated by two main species of bacteria: Betaproteobacterium and Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Bacterial identification shows that the main bacterial species were the same in all analyzed sampling places despite the different anthropogenic activities, parent material, and other abiotic conditions. Only a few species were identified in different soil groups, and it may be assumed that those groups could be potential bioindicators for specific soil types, but more in depth research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Bioindicator

Agroecosystem

Soil test

10.3390/su151411366

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Citations (2)

Cultivar and plant density influence on weediness in spring barely crops.

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture (2010)

Ona Auškalnienė G. Pšibišauskienė A. Auškalnis A. Kadžys

The influence of plant density on weed suppression was investigated in the crops of spring barley cultivars ‘Aura DS’, ‘Barke’ and ‘Gustav’ in the field trials conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in 2008 and 2009 in Central Lithuania (55o23′50′′N and 23o51′40′′E). The soil of the experimental site is Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can), neutrally acid light loam, rich in phosphorus and potassium. Seed rates were adjusted for seed weights and germination rate to give a population density of 200, 400 or 600 plants per m2. Strong and significant effects of crop density on weed growth were established. Weed biomass decreased with an increasing sowing density of spring barley. Crop density was a more reliable factor compared with cultivar selection for enhanced crop competitiveness against weeds. Spring barley plant height was a relevant indicator defining competitive ability against weeds. The augmentation of spring barley seed rate from 2 to 4 million viable seeds per hectar was found to be adequate for satisfactory suppression of broad-leaved weed infestations for tall spring barley cultivars ‘Aura’ and ‘Barke’. For short cultivars (‘Gustav’) the seed rate could be higher.

Cambisol

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Citations (8)

Non-chemical control methods of Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnovskyi Manden.)

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture (2022)

Oleksandr Ivashchenko Yaroslav Makukh С. О. Ременюк Snizhana Moshkivska Vladyslav Riznyk

Sosnowsky's hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is an invasive species becoming an increased problem in the Europe including the Baltic region.It is an aggressive weed that poses a threat to human health.It is extremely difficult to control this plant, especially in the locations where chemical control is impossible.The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of non-chemical control methods of cutting and shading for 1st-and 2nd-year H. sosnowskyi plants as well as thermal control by heating with water steam at different growth stages.The study was carried out in Ukraine over the period of 2013-2020.To test the efficacy of cutting and shading aboveground parts of H. sosnowskyi, two field trials were conducted.Second-year plants were able to regenerate their aboveground part.Cutting of the 2nd-year shoots of H. sosnowskyi reduced the aboveground mass by 89.8-90.3%.An effective control of H. sosnowskyi was root removal in the 10 cm soil layer.Removal of the aboveground part of plant was less effective because of a high H. sosnowskyi regeneration, and the efficacy of control significantly decreased.The 1st-year plants of H. sosnowskyi at the 4-leaf stage were sensitive to covering by a plastic film.Shading for 30 days on juvenile plants ensured the sufficient efficacy of control.Thermal control (at a steam temperature of ≥95°C) was most efficient when H. sosnowskyi plants were at the cotyledon up to 4-leaf stage.Using of two non-chemical methods could have an effective control of 1st-and 2nd-year plants of H. sosnowskyi.

10.13080/z-a.2022.109.034

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Citations (2)

Tillage and cover crop influence on weed pressure and Fusarium infection in spring cereals

Crop Protection (2019)

Gražina Kadžienė Skaidrė Supronienė Ona Auškalnienė Simona Pranaitienė Povilas Svegzda

White mustard

Trifolium repens

Plough

10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104966

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Citations (28)

The influence of spring wheat plant density on weed suppression and grain yield

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture (2008)

Ona Auškalnienė A. Auškalnis

Plant Density

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The Content and Stratification of SOC and Its Humified Fractions Using Different Soil Tillage and Inter-Cropping

Sustainability (2024)

Alvyra Šlepetienė Gražina Kadžienė Skaidrė Supronienė Aida Skersienė Ona Auškalnienė

Five different tillage systems were researched in a Cambisol of a loam texture in the long-term experiment: conventional ploughing at 22–24 cm (CT), shallow ploughing at 16–18 cm (ShT), harrowing at 8–10 cm (MT1), harrowing at 14–16 cm (MT2), and no tilling (NT). The aim of this study was to determine how different tillage and inter-cropping influence the accumulation and distribution of SOC (soil organic carbon) and its compounds in different soil layers. SOC content changed depending on the soil tillage system and inter-crops used. Stratification ratios (SR) of SOC in the surface soil (0–10 cm) to that in the 10–20 cm (SR1) and 20–30 cm (SR2) were calculated. In our research, SR for SOC varied in the range from 0.97 to 1.35 for SR1 and from 1.02 to 1.99 for SR2. The main conclusion was that inter-crops increased the SOC accumulation in the 0–10 cm layer of all investigated treatments. It was concluded that different soil tillage systems and inter-crops influenced processes of soil carbon changes and affected OM humification in the soil. The formation of humified carbon compounds should be considered not only as a preservation and improvement of the soil productivity, but also as an environmental assessment of their impact on the soil sustainability and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Our results suggest that sustainable tillage and inter-cropping management may contribute to climate mitigation regarding SOC accumulation in soil.

Stratification (seeds)

10.3390/su16030953

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Citations (1)

Chlorophyll index of spring barley foliage and its relationship with the yield in the stands of different densities.

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture (2009)

Daiva Janušauskaitė Ona Auškalnienė G. Pšibišauskienė

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Wystepowanie chwastow i ich zwalczanie w uprawach kukurydzy na Litwie

Ona Auškalnienė A. Auškalnis