Discs and numerous other consumer products have been developed for point of care testing (POCT) to replace traditional large and expensive biochemical devices in certain scenarios. Herein, we propose a drip-dry strategy (2D strategy) assisted Blu-ray disc (BD) biosensor, termed BDB, for rapid and portable POCT within 30 min with the cost of a single test < $1. The platform utilizes the covered area formed by the deposition of the substance to be measured on the activated BD surface after the evaporation of water and realizes the quantitative detection of the target through the error readout of free disc quality diagnosis software. As a proof of concept, we first demonstrated the feasibility of direct quantitative detection of substances in solution in a single system through the detection of pure proteins avoiding colorimetric reagent used in traditional optical detection. For the complex mixed systems, we then innovatively utilize the principle that soluble targets promote/inhibit the dissolution of insoluble precipitates to achieve specific detection of targets and successfully apply BDB to the indirect quantitative detection of glutathione (GSH) with LOD of 0.447 mM in the range of 2-16 mM and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) with LOD of 2.122 × 10
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as a prominent environmental pollutant in recent years, primarily due to their tendency to accumulate and magnify in both the environment and living organisms. The entry of PFASs into the environment can have detrimental effects on human health. Hence, it is crucial to actively monitor and detect the presence of PFASs. The current standard detection method of PFAS is the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry. However, this requires expensive instruments, extra sample pretreatment steps, complicated operation and long analysis time. As a result, new methods that do not rely on chromatography and mass spectrometry have been developed and applied. These alternative methods mainly include optical and electrochemical sensor methods, which offer great potential in terms of real-time field detection, instrument miniaturization, shorter analysis time, and reduced detection cost. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in PFAS detection sensors. We categorize and explain the principles and mechanisms of these sensors, and compare their limits of detection and sensitivity. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and improvements needed for PFAS sensors, such as field application, commercialization, and other related issues.
Plastic exposures have been shown to impact the microbiome, metabolism and growth of animals. However, no human studies have examined how plastic exposures are associated with fecal microbiota, microbial metabolites, or growth. Here we examine the association of plastic bottle feeding with infant fecal microbiota, microbial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites, and anthropometry in the first year of life.
Maternal antibiotic use before, during and after pregnancy is associated with higher child asthma risk. Lack of specificity to the pregnancy period suggests the association is not causal or the window of susceptibility extends outside pregnancy.http://ow.ly/U29f30kFD2I
This article explains the current situation of school-enterprise cooperation in China's higher vocational education, and analyzes the reasons for the low quality of talent training in school-enterprise cooperation.The main reasons include: the lack of enthusiasm between the school and the enterprise, the insufficient understanding of high vocational colleges in the in-depth school-enterprise cooperation, the mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation still needs to be improved, and teachers' practice and scientific research capabilities need to be improved.Deepening the integration of production and education and accelerating school-enterprise cooperation is the only way for the development and reform of higher vocational colleges, and it is also one of the difficulties encountered in the development of higher vocational colleges.School-enterprise cooperation distinguishes higher vocational education from ordinary higher education.The core characteristics of vocational education are also an important way for the development of higher vocational education.At present, many higher vocational colleges are vigorously developing school-enterprise cooperation.While the schoolenterprise cooperation has achieved results, there are also certain problems.This article analyzes the current situation of school-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational education, and points out the problems and causes of schoolenterprise cooperation, which lays the foundation for the next step of research on related countermeasures.
Introduction: The associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with adiposity are not well characterized in midlife women, a life stage when cardiometabolic risk increases substantially. Hypothesis: More reported adverse childhood experiences are associated with greater body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Methods: At mean (SD) 51.0 (5.0) years, 432 participants in the Project Viva cohort completed questionnaires and research staff measured height and weight (used to derive BMI) and waist circumference. Women self-reported personal history of ACEs (10 possible types in 3 subdomains: abuse, neglect, and household challenges) prior to 18 years old. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate associations of ACEs with BMI and waist circumference and adjusted for childhood social factors including parental education, US birth, and race/ethnicity. Results: Mean (SD) ACE score was 1.7 (1.9), BMI was 27.4 (6.2) kg/m 2 and WC was 91.8 (15.3) cm. In unadjusted models, each additional ACE was associated with higher BMI (β =0.49kg/m 2 , 95% CI: 0.18, 0.80) and greater waist circumference (β =0.94cm, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.71). Adjusting for childhood social factors reduced associations and 95% CIs included the null (BMI: 0.19kg/m 2 , 95% CI: -0.13, 0.51; WC: 0.35cm, 95% CI: -0.45, 1.14). Associations were stronger for ACEs related to abuse and neglect versus household challenges in unadjusted and adjusted models (Figure). Adjusting for childhood social factors attenuated the associations for neglect and household challenges subdomains, but less so for abuse. Conclusions: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with greater adiposity measures in midlife women. The differing associations of ACEs subdomains with adiposity indicate that these outcomes may be more strongly related to the type of ACE someone experiences than solely the number of ACEs experienced.
Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) could be a manifestation of systemic arteriosclerosis, as coronary and carotid arteries have similar intimal thickening. However, as an initial cause of arteriosclerosis, hemodynamic changes in carotid arteries have rarely been studied.Twenty patients with angiography-proven CSFP and 39 patients with normal coronary flow (NCF) were enrolled. TIMI frame counts (CTFC) were investigated. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured by ultrasonography, and shear rate (SR) and resistance index (RI) were calculated.The results showed that PSV, EDV, SR, and RI were significantly lower in patients with CSFP (p＜0.01), but CIMT was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01). PSV, EDV, SR, and RI were negatively correlated with CTFC, while CIMT was positively correlated with CTFC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that PSV (OR = 0.95, P < 0.01) could be an independent protective factor against CSFP, but CIMT (OR = 1.10, P ＜ 0.05) and male gender (OR = 9.89, P ＜ 0.01) could be risk factors for CSFP.The slow flow phenomenon was observed in both coronary and carotid arteries, which could be a characteristic manifestation of systemic arteriosclerosis in CSFP; the lower wall shear stress may be the underlying mechanism. Carotid ultrasound could be applied in the noninvasive diagnosis of CSFP in the future.
Background/Objectives: Murine models show that plastics, via their chemical constituents (e.g., phthalates), influence microbiota, metabolism, and growth. However, research on plastics in humans is lacking. Here, we examine how the frequency of plastic bottle exposure is associated with fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and anthropometry in the first year of life. Subjects/Methods: In 442 infants from the prospective Nurture birth cohort, we examined the association of frequency of plastic bottle feeding at 3 months with anthropometric outcomes (skinfolds, length-for-age, and weight-for-length) at 12 months of age and growth trajectories between 3 and 12 months. Furthermore, in a subset of infants (n = 70) that contributed fecal samples at 3 months and 12 months of age, we examined plastic bottle frequency in relation to fecal microbiota composition and diversity (measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V4 region), and fecal SCFA concentrations (quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Results: At 3 months, 67.6% of infants were plastic bottle fed at every feeding, 15.4% were exclusively breast milk fed, and 48.9% were exclusively formula fed. After adjustment for potential confounders, infants who were plastic bottle fed less than every feeding compared to those who were plastic bottle fed at every feeding at 3 months did not show differences in anthropometry over the first 12 months of life, save for lower length-for-age z-score at 12 months (adjusted β = −0.45, 95% CI: −0.76, −0.13). Infants who were plastic bottle fed less than every feeding versus every feeding had lower fecal microbiota alpha diversity at 3 months (mean difference for Shannon index: −0.59, 95% CI: −0.99, −0.20) and lower isovaleric acid concentration at 3 months (mean difference: −2.12 μmol/g, 95% CI: −3.64, −0.60), but these results were attenuated following adjustment for infant diet. Plastic bottle frequency was not strongly associated with microbiota diversity or SCFAs at 12 months after multivariable adjustment. Frequency of plastic bottle use was associated with differential abundance of some bacterial taxa, however, significance was not consistent between statistical approaches. Conclusions: Plastic bottle frequency at 3 months was not strongly associated with measures of adiposity or growth (save for length-for-age) over the first year of life, and while plastic bottle use was associated with some features of fecal microbiota and SCFAs in the first year, these findings were attenuated in multivariable models with infant diet. Future research is needed to assess health effects of exposure to other plastic-based products and objective measures of microplastics and plastic constituents like phthalates.
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