N. Kobayashi

Nagoya University

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Tomo’omi Kumagai

Nagoya University

Thomas W. Giambelluca

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Yoshiyuki Miyazawa

Center for Cancer Research

Tetsuya Hiyama

Nagoya University

R. G. Mudd

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Alan D. Ziegler

Kasetsart University

Tiva Khan Lim

Cambodia Development Resource Institute

Song Yin

China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Kiyotaka Kochi

Nagoya University

Ryan G. Mudd

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Cooperative Institutions

Nagoya University

Kyushu University

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

The University of Tokyo

Cambodia Development Resource Institute

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

Kyoto University

University of Hawaii System

Hokkaido University

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute

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Nighttime transpiration observed over a larch forest in Hokkaido, Japan

Water Resources Research (2007)

N. Kobayashi Tetsuya Hiyama Y. Fukushima Morgan Lopez Takashi Hirano

Nighttime transpiration in a larch forest in northern Japan was investigated using concurrent measurements of the energy budget below and above the canopy and sap flow velocities. Upward latent heat flux ( lE ) above the canopy was observed on ∼20% of nights during the growing season. Nighttime lE was ∼7% of daily totals during the dry season (September–October) and averaged ∼3% over the entire growing season. A relatively low contribution of the understory to lE (<30%) and strong synchronicity between larch sap flow rates and lE on two warm windy nights indicated nighttime lE , occurring when warm dry air intruded from above, was largely due to transpiration from the larch overstory. High canopy conductance on some nights relative to reported maximum cuticular conductance and a strong correlation between canopy conductance and air humidity on these nights indicate the stomata of the larch trees did not close tightly at night.

Understory

Canopy conductance

Growing season

10.1029/2006wr005556

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Citations (15)

Evaluation of variability in Japanese wild azaleas and application of lime-tolerant genetic resources for breeding

Valentina Scariot N. Kobayashi

Cold tolerance

Genetic Resources

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Citations (5)

Energy balance and its closure over a young larch forest in eastern Siberia

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (2008)

Hiroki Tanaka Tetsuya Hiyama N. Kobayashi Hironori Yabuki Yoshiyuki Ishii

10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.05.006

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Citations (42)

Pythium splendens-suppressive soils from different islands of Hawaii

Soil Biology and Biochemistry (1985)

N. Kobayashi W. H. Ko

Pythium

10.1016/0038-0717(85)90153-1

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Citations (10)

Differences in seasonality and temperature dependency of stand transpiration and canopy conductance between Japanese cypress (Hinoki) and Japanese cedar (Sugi) in a plantation

Hydrological Processes (2017)

Takami Saito Tomo’omi Kumagai Makiko Tateishi N. Kobayashi Kyoichi Otsuki

Abstract In this paper, we present an investigation of interspecies differences in transpiration of the 2 most common plantation forest tree species in Japan, both in the family Cupressaceae with different northern limits of native distribution, Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). The stem sap flow rate was measured in 2 nearby stands of similar leaf area index in a 42‐year‐old plantation. Single‐tree and stand‐scale transpiration rates ( E tre and E sta , respectively) were observed during an ideal autumn environment. At the stand scale, mean sap flux density of Hinoki was greater than that of Sugi, whereas total sapwood area per ground area was smaller in Hinoki than Sugi. Because the 2 variables had counterbalancing effects on transpiration, E sta of Hinoki was similar to (94% of) that of Sugi. This offset was also found between the mean E tre of the 2 species. E sta was similar between the stands from May to October, whereas E sta of Sugi was notably greater than that of Hinoki from February to April. During these 3 months, the difference in cumulative E sta was 21.7 mm, which accounted for 79% of the difference in annual E sta between Hinoki and Sugi (192 and 219 mm/year, respectively). We found that canopy conductance ( G c ) and its sensitivity to the mean vapour pressure deficit during daylight hours in Sugi were particularly high in early spring, whereas those in Hinoki shifted gradually throughout the growing season. This difference was related to the optimal temperature of G c in Sugi, which was approximately 10 °C lower than that in Hinoki. Our results suggest that plantations of water‐conserving species such as Hinoki produce timber slowly but yield water resources generously. Moreover, for plantations of trees sensitive to high temperature, such as Sugi, managers should be concerned about possible future decline caused by anticipated global warming.

Chamaecyparis

Cryptomeria

Cypress

10.1002/hyp.11162

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Citations (17)

Transpiration characteristics of a rubber plantation in central Cambodia

Tree Physiology (2014)

N. Kobayashi Tomo’omi Kumagai Yoshiyuki Miyazawa Keita Matsumoto Masahiro Tateishi

The rapid and widespread expansion of rubber plantations in Southeast Asia necessitates a greater understanding of tree physiology and the impacts of water consumption on local hydrology. Sap flow measurements were used to study the intra- and inter-annual variations in transpiration rate (Et) in a rubber stand in the low-elevation plain of central Cambodia. Mean stand sap flux density (JS) indicates that rubber trees actively transpire in the rainy season, but become inactive in the dry season. A sharp, brief drop in JS occurred simultaneously with leaf shedding in the middle of the dry season in January. Although the annual maxima of JS were approximately the same in the two study years, the maximum daily stand Et of ∼2.0 mm day(-1) in 2010 increased to ∼2.4 mm day(-1) in 2011. Canopy-level stomatal response was well explained by changes in solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture availability, leaf area, and stem diameter. Rubber trees had a relatively small potential to transpire at the beginning of the study period, compared with average diffuse-porous species. After 2 years of growth in stem diameter, transpiration potential was comparable to other species. The sensitivity of canopy conductance (gc) to atmospheric drought indicates isohydric behavior of rubber trees. Modeling also predicted a relatively small sensitivity of gc to the soil moisture deficit and a rapid decrease in gc under extreme drought conditions. However, annual observations suggest the possibility of a change in leaf characteristics with tree maturity and/or initiation of latex tapping. The estimated annual stand Et was 469 mm year(-1) in 2010, increasing to 658 mm year(-1) in 2011. Diagnostic analysis using the derived gc model showed that inter-annual change in stand Et in the rapidly growing young rubber stand was determined mainly by tree growth rate, not by differences in air and soil variables in the surrounding environment. Future research should focus on the potentially broad applicability of the relationship between Et and tree size as well as environmental factors at stands different in terms of clonal type and age.

Growing season

Dry season

Stomatal Conductance

10.1093/treephys/tpu009

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Citations (44)

Improvement of the polder soil on neighbouring areas of Lake Kasumigaura [Japan], 1: Distribution of the polder soil and their chemical properties.

Chikara Hirayama Katherine R Suda N. Kobayashi M. Yoshihara Makoto Ishikawa

Lake district

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Spatial and temporal variations in photosynthetic capacity of a temperate deciduous-evergreen forest

Trees (2016)

Shuko Hamada Tomo’omi Kumagai Kiyotaka Kochi N. Kobayashi Tetsuya Hiyama

Understory

Temperate rainforest

Temperate forest

Photosynthetic capacity

Tree canopy

Temperate deciduous forest

Evergreen forest

10.1007/s00468-015-1347-4

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Citations (18)

Leaf and Soil-plant Hydraulic Processes in the Transpiration of Tropical Forest

Procedia Environmental Sciences (2013)

Yoshiyuki Miyazawa N. Kobayashi R. G. Mudd Masahiro Tateishi Tiva Khan Lim

In order to reveal the control of tree transpiration by the leaf ecophysiological traits and the hydraulic processes from the soil to leaves, transpiration rates of the tree species in tropical seasonal forests were monitored and modeled using independently measured leaf photosynthetic traits. Stand-level transpiration rate was modeled for rubber trees in a plantation and alien and native species in a community forest using a multilayer biophysical model that couples the energy balance and leaf ecophysiological processes. Model simulation was carried out on the assumption that leaf gas exchange was not limited by the hydraulic processes from the root to the leaves, while transpiration rates, which were independently monitored using sap flux measurements, were influenced both by the seasonal trends in leaf ecophysiological traits and the hydraulic processes. The modeled transpiration rate (Emodel) successfully captured the diurnal trend of the in situ measured one (Esap) in most rainy seasons in rubber plantation and in dry season in community forests, suggesting the absence of hydraulic limitation in soil-plant continuum. The decoupling between the Emodel and Esap was observed in mid dry season in rubber plantation and in a native species of the community forest. The daily-scale Emodel overestimated Esap by 20-40%, mainly due to the midday depression of Esap. On the other hand, in an alien eucalyptus species in community forest, overestimate of Emodel was observed in mid rainy season, suggesting the failure of water uptake by the roots under flooding conditions. The seasonal decreases in daily Esap matched the timing of the water transport limitation of soil-plant continuum. Under lowered Esap conditions, as high Emodel as other seasons was observed in each species but could not be met due to the water supply, suggesting the leaf ecophysiological traits oriented for high leaf water demand and their imbalance with the seasonally decreasing water supply capacity. In conclusion, seasonal trends in transpiration rate were strongly characterized by the limitation in the process of soil-plant water transport, rather than the seasonal trends in the leaf ecophysiological traits.

Wet season

Dry season

Stomatal Conductance

Biometeorology

10.1016/j.proenv.2013.06.009

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Citations (1)

Stability Dependence of Canopy Flows over a Flat Larch Forest

Boundary-Layer Meteorology (2011)

N. Kobayashi Tetsuya Hiyama

Eddy

Tree canopy

Atmospheric instability

10.1007/s10546-010-9572-2

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Citations (9)