Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) shows an important role in the sustainable agriculture industry. The increasing demand for crop production with a significant reduction of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPR include regulating hormonal and nutritional balance, inducing resistance against plant pathogens, and solubilizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants. In addition, PGPR show synergistic and antagonistic interactions with microorganisms within the rhizosphere and beyond in bulk soil, which indirectly boosts plant growth rate. There are many bacteria species that act as PGPR, described in the literature as successful for improving plant growth. However, there is a gap between the mode of action (mechanism) of the PGPR for plant growth and the role of the PGPR as biofertilizer—thus the importance of nano-encapsulation technology in improving the efficacy of PGPR. Hence, this review bridges the gap mentioned and summarizes the mechanism of PGPR as a biofertilizer for agricultural sustainability.
Product efficacy testing during 2006 to 2010 with SBAJA (a novel scientifically formulated foliar-spray growth and yield enhancer) in the greenhouse and multi-location field trials registered measurable increase in chlorophyll contents, robust and healthier crop growth and increased yield and biomass production.In field trial, rice plants receiving normal NPK fertilizer at the rates of 100:50:30 served as control and spray treated with SBAJA at 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS).All the experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design and replicated five times.Tiller number and panicle characteristics; length, weight, number of grains, number of filled grains were significantly increased with 1:300 SBAJA treatment.In addition, 1000 grain weight and rice yield increased significantly with SBAJA treatments.Normal fertilizer applications in field trials augmented with SBAJA in 2008-2010 in the Selangor North West Project (SNWP), registered measurable increase in rice yields by 25-30% from 6.2 -6.5 tons/ha to 7.8 -8.9 tons/ha.It is concluded that foliar spraying with SBAJA at 40 and 60 days after sowing increased growth and yield of rice under green house and field conditions.
Fertilizer application and inherent soil fertility are known to affect rice yields. We conducted large scale 12 ha multi-locations trial in the main- and off-seasons of 2007 through 2009 in Sungai Besar, Selangor's North West Project, Malaysia to assess the enhancing effect of SBAJA TM (formerly known as BIPOMIX TM ) on the growth and yields of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. MR 220). The clonal growth of SBAJA TM -treated rice crop based on plant height and tiller numbers plant -1 , albeit temporal inconsistencies, did not register any significant difference from each other at p<0.05, save for those in the control plots at 45, 75 DAT, and at harvest with measurably lower tiller numbers plant -1 . The mean panicle length plant -1 and mean number of panicles m -2 were significantly (p<0.05) longer and higher, respectively in plots treated with SBAJA TM vis-a-vis the control. While no significant differences were recorded in the 1000 grain weight, the percentage of filled grains panicle -1 and the number of grains panicle -1 were higher among rice plants in plots receiving the SBAJA TM treatments. Invariably, the Crop Cutting Tests (CCT) in plots subjected to foliar applications of SBAJA TM registered measurable increase in rice yields from 15 to 29% vis-a-vis the equivalent foliar-applied fertilizer subsidy from the government, and the conventional NPK fertilizer applications of 100:30:20 (here served as the control), respectively. The SBAJA TM treated plots registered a mean yield of 9.66 tons ha -1 compared with 7.49 tons ha -1 in the control plots. The parallel average yield from the equivalent foliar-applied fertilizer subsidy from the government was 8.38 tons ha -1 . In monetary terms, a yield increase of 1 ton ha -1 is translated as an extra net profit of RM 1,000 ha -1 season -1 . With the application of SBAJA TM a farmer would boost his gross returns by a minimal extra of ca. RM 2,000 ha -1 season -1 from an extra investment of ca. RM200 ha -1 season -1 compared with the control.
Ficus deltoidea is a native plant of Malaysia which is very potential plant for varied purposes.It has diversed morphology and was spread throughout Malaysia and adjacent countries.Its great potential had been valued by the old folks and now it is getting famous as more attention given in exploring herbs as an alternative for medicine.Ficus deltoidea is an ultimate source of antioxidant and natural products.It is commercialized as tea and is proposed as a possible supplement for type II diabetes patients.Ficus deltoidea studied for its numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, anti-inflammation and antinociceptive activity, wound healing activity, antiulcerogenic effect, antibacterial, anticancer and also it's potential as an uterotonic agent.This article review provide more thorough information about F. deltoidea plants in detail in term of plant, origin, morphology, ecology, variety, commercial usage and its pharmacological benefits.
Nitrogen is one of the most limiting factors for crop growth and productivity. However excessive application can lead to low N efficiency, higher production costs and environmental pollution. Winged bean, bush bean and rice crop plants were grown in a greenhouse with different rates of N fertilizer to estimate nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and N uptake of rice when tropical two vegetable legume plants were grown in rotation with rice crop. Bush bean and winged bean were grown with N fertilizer at rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g m -2 preceding rice planting while rice was grown with N fertilizer at rates of 0, 4, 8 and 12 g m -2 . Rice after winged bean grown with N at the rate of 4 g N m -2 achieved significantly higher NRE (30-33%) and NAE (24-27 g g -1 ) during both years. This prevailing effect of rice after winged bean is likely associated with higher biomass and N uptake during both years. Data from two growing seasons showed that rice after winged bean at the rate of 4 g m -2 can produce higher biomass and N accumulation of rice along with superior NRE and NAE values, which indicated a positive response for rice production without deteriorating soil fertility.
This study focuses on the effects of sugars and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) on the longevity of detached pollinated Oncidium Goldiana flowers. The Oncidium orchids were subjected to seven different treatments; distilled water, 4 glucose, 4 sucrose, 0.25mM AOA, 0.5mM AOA, 4 glucose with 0.5mM AOA and 4 sucrose with 0.5mM AOA. Several observations were made in this experiment such as the total weight loss and water uptake of flowers, petal colour changes and pH of different solutions. Results showed that a combination of 4 sucrose with 0.5mM AOA and 0.5mM AOA alone gave the best results in prolonging the vase life of detached pollinated Oncidium Goldiana flowers. Furthermore a delay in weight loss, and petal colour change and improved water uptake were also observed.
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