Old mine location maps (1958 vintage) indicate that the northwestern part of an undeveloped property near the town of<br>Belleville, St. Clair County, Illinois, is situated above an abandoned and now water-filled, room-and-pillar type coal mine.<br>The central and southeast parts of the Belleville property are shown as overlying intact (non-mined) coal. The coal unit<br>mined at the Belleville site, the Herrin #6 is Pennsylvanian in age and about 2.5 m thick at a depth of around 40 m.<br>The current owners of the BelleviIle property want to construct a large building on the central and southeast parts of the site,<br>but have been concerned about the accuracy of the old mine location maps because of recent mine-related surface subsidence<br>in areas designated on the maps as not mined. To ensure that the proposed new development is located on structurally stable<br>ground, a grid of ten high-resolution reflection seismic lines was acquired on-site. On these reflection seismic data, minedout<br>areas can be visually identitied and d&rentiated Tom non-mined areas. The interpretation of the reflection seismic data<br>was constrained and validated by 15 test boreholes. These seismic and borehole data confirm that the central and southeast<br>parts of the property have not been mined extensively. Development of the Belleville site has proceeded with confidence.
Protein ingredients are of great interest to consumers due to their nutritional value. Due to religious reasons and a rising concern about environmental impact, proteins from plants, algae, cultured meat, and edible insects are gaining interest. However, consumer acceptance of protein ingredients is hindered by off-flavors, undesirable textures and colors, and other cultural reasons. This chapter discusses the current knowledge on consumer acceptance of food protein ingredients, e.g., protein concentrate, isolate, and hydrolysate, and food protein-based and enhanced food products. Consumer acceptance from both survey studies and consumer sensory studies is included.
A geophysical survey was conducted for the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) along segments of a proposed interstate route (Alternate "E") near Joplin, Missouri across ground previously mined for lead and zinc. A total of 14.6 km of shallow reflection seismic data, nine down‐hole seismic calibration check shots and 15 km of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were acquired. The seismic data were acquired to map Mississippian bedrock, locate and identify paleosinkholes and abandoned mine features, and determine structural geologic trends in the study area. The GPR data were acquired to identify and locate abandoned mine access and ventilation shafts in areas that were overlain by surficial milled ore rock. Pre‐construction knowledge of these anthropogenic and natural features will assist in route selection and geotechnical site mitigation, and minimize both the potential for contractor variable site condition claims and the potential for long‐term subsidence‐related problems. The geophysical survey was successful in meeting MoDOT goals. The interpretation of the seismic data, and corroborative engineering geologic field mapping and drilling, established that the shallow reflection seismic technique can be used in the Joplin area to map bedrock structure (including probable fault lineaments and paleosinkholes), locate abandoned, in‐filled and/or caved‐in open pit mines; and define areas of probable shallow mining activity. The interpretation of the GPR data established that the GPR technique can be used in the Joplin area to locate abandoned mine access and ventilation shafts, even where such shafts are in‐filled and overlain by a thin veneer of mill‐waste products.
In May of 1997, the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Missouri-Rolla<br>conducted a reflection seismic survey and a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey for the Missouri<br>Department of Transportation (MoDOT) along and adjacent to a 300 meter section of Interstate 44 in<br>Springfield, Missouri. In October of 1997, a second GPR survey was conducted along the same section of<br>interstate. The site was located approximately 1.5 kilometers west of Missouri Highway 266. The section of<br>interstate studied overlies an active sinkhole and has experienced continued, localized subsidence.<br>Seven 12-fold reflection seismic profiles were acquired along or near Interstate 44, using a Bison 24-<br>channel seismograph and an EWG weight drop source. Forty-live GPR profiles were acquired along paved<br>sections of Interstate 44 during the first survey. During the second GPR survey, the survey area was<br>expanded to include a total of seventy ground penetrating radar profiles. A GSSI SIR-S GPR unit equipped<br>with a 500 MHZ (megahertz) monostatic antenna/receiver was used to acquire the data.<br>The geophysical surveys were successful. The reflection seismic data established that sinkholes,<br>both active and nonactive are prevalent in the area. The seismic data also supports the interpretation that a<br>sinkhole lies immediately beneath the interstate. The ground-penetrating radar data also proved to be of<br>significant utility. Anomalous areas interpreted as voids on the GPR data were drilled and significant volumes<br>of grout were injected. The second GPR survey established the success of the grouting program.
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