Gražina Kadžienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

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Skaidrė Supronienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Ona Auškalnienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Virginijus Feiza

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Irena Deveikytė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Dalia Feizienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

DŠ

Donatas Šneideris

Nature Research Centre

Algirdas Ivanauskas

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Arman Shamshitov

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Daiva Janušauskaitė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Simona Pranaitienė

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

Cooperative Institutions

Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

University of Latvia

Vilnius University

National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Agroécologie

Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”

Vytautas Magnus University

Nature Research Centre

Centro Agricoltura Ambiente (Italy)

Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria

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Oilseed Rape, Wheat, and Barley Grain Contamination as Affected by Different Glyphosate Usage

Plants (2023)

Gražina Kadžienė Simona Pranaitienė Ona Auškalnienė Agnė Veršulienė Skaidrė Supronienė

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides, but is still in the spotlight due to its controversial impact on the environment and human health. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different glyphosate usages on harvested grain/seed contamination. Two field experiments of different glyphosate usage were carried out in Central Lithuania during 2015-2021. The first experiment was a pre-harvest application, with two timings, the first according to the label (14-10 days), and the other applied 4-2 days before harvest (off-label), performed in winter wheat and spring barley in 2015 and 2016. The second experiment consisted of glyphosate applications at label rate (1.44 kg ha-1) and double dose rate (2.88 kg ha-1) at two application timings (pre-emergence of crop and at pre-harvest), conducted in spring wheat and spring oilseed rape in 2019-2021. The results suggest that pre-emergence application at both dose rates did not affect the harvested spring wheat grain or spring oilseed rape seeds-no residues were found. The use of glyphosate at pre-harvest, despite the dosage and application timing, led to glyphosate's, as well as its metabolite, aminomethosphonic acid's, occurrence in grain/seeds, but the amounts did not reach the maximum residue levels according to Regulation (EC) No. 293/2013. The grain storage test showed that glyphosate residues remain in grain/seeds at steady concentrations for longer than one year. A one year study of glyphosate distribution within main and secondary products showed that glyphosate residues were mainly concentrated in wheat bran and oilseed rape meal, while no residues found in cold-pressed oil and wheat white flour, when glyphosate used at pre-harvest at the label rate.

Wheat grain

10.3390/plants12061335

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Citations (11)

Bacterial Communities: Interaction to Abiotic Conditions under Effect of Anthropogenic Pressure

Sustainability (2023)

Monika Vilkienė Ieva Mockevičienė Gražina Kadžienė Danutė Karčauskienė Regina Repšienė

Relationships between different microorganisms’ groups and the soil environment are reversible, and the state of the soil and its provided services can also change the structure and abundance of microorganisms as well as that microorganisms can affect soil conditions. The aim of our research was to analyze the physical and chemical properties of differently formed agroecosystems, which are affected by different anthropogenic pressures and to compare how bacterial composition differ in totally different environments. It was established that different soil microorganisms’ physiological groups significantly correlated with chemical and physical soil properties: atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed a positive correlation with soil pHKCl, Nsum, P2O5, and soil bulk density; meanwhile, soil porosity, and the K2O amount in the soil negatively affected the population of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The same tendencies were inherent to actinomycetes and ammonifying bacteria. Micromycetes showed a negative trend with soil pHKCl, showing that soils with lower pHKCl are characterized by a higher abundance of micromycetes. Analysis of the taxonomic diversity of soil microbes reveals that the bacterial communities were dominated by two main species of bacteria: Betaproteobacterium and Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Bacterial identification shows that the main bacterial species were the same in all analyzed sampling places despite the different anthropogenic activities, parent material, and other abiotic conditions. Only a few species were identified in different soil groups, and it may be assumed that those groups could be potential bioindicators for specific soil types, but more in depth research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Bioindicator

Agroecosystem

Soil test

10.3390/su151411366

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Citations (2)

CO₂fluxes and drivers as affected by soil type, tillage and fertilization

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil & Plant Science (2011)

Dalia Feizienė Virginijus Feiza Gražina Kadžienė Asta Vaideliene Virmantas Povilaitis

Importance of agricultural practices for greenhouse gases mitigation is examined worldwide. However, there is no consensus on CO2 emissions as affected by soil management practices. Deeper understanding of soil CO2 fluxes and drivers under different management practices are needed. The investigation of net CO2 exchange rate as dependent variable and drivers (soil water and temperature, air temperature) as affected by soil type (loam and sandy loam), tillage (conservation and no-tillage) and fertilization are presented.

Strip-till

10.1080/09064710.2011.614272

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Citations (13)

The Role of Soil Microbial Consortia in Sustainable Cereal Crop Residue Management

Plants (2024)

Arman Shamshitov Gražina Kadžienė Skaidrė Supronienė

The global escalation in cereal production, essential to meet growing population demands, simultaneously augments the generation of cereal crop residues, estimated annually at approximately 3107 × 106 Mg/year. Among different crop residue management approaches, returning them to the soil can be essential for various ecological benefits, including nutrient recycling and soil carbon sequestration. However, the recalcitrant characteristics of cereal crop residues pose significant challenges in their management, particularly in the decomposition rate. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize the influence of different agricultural practices on enhancing soil microbial decomposer communities, thereby effectively managing cereal crop residues. Moreover, this manuscript provides indirect estimates of cereal crop residue production in Northern Europe and Lithuania, and highlights the diverse roles of lignocellulolytic microorganisms in the decomposition process, with a particular focus on enzymatic activities. This review bridges the knowledge gap and indicates future research directions concerning the influence of agricultural practices on cereal crop residue-associated microbial consortia.

Crop Residue

Decomposer

10.3390/plants13060766

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Citations (7)

Characterisation of Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolated from Agricultural Soil in Central Lithuania

Sustainability (2022)

Arman Shamshitov Francesca Decorosi Carlo Viti Flavio Fornasier Gražina Kadžienė

Characterisation and evaluation of soil bacteria were conducted in order to select the most potent strains that participate in the degradation of cellulose in unique agroecosystem and climatic conditions. Cellulolytic activity of soil bacteria was estimated using qualitative assays such as growth on selective media followed by screening with Congo red, Gram’s iodine solution, confirmation test on Congo red agar, determination of enzyme production, and sugar utilisation pattern. A total of 159 soil cellulolytic bacterial strains were selected based on shape, size, and colony characteristics. According to the results of all three screening assays, sixty-four, thirty-eight and fifty-one isolates were able to degrade at some level of cellulose, respectively. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 64 bacterial strains obtained using sequences retrieved from the databases indicated the presence of cellulolytic bacteria represented by members of the phyla Actinobacteria (48.44%), followed by Firmicutes (32.81%), Proteobacteria (15.62%) and Bacteroidetes (3.13%). Determination of enzyme production showed that fifteen strains possess endoglucanases activity which ranged from 9.09 to 942.41 nanomoles of MUF (4-methylumbelliferone) mL. Likewise, β-glucosidase enzyme activity was determined in 23.4 % of all isolates. The sugar utilisation pattern of soil bacterial strains displayed the different capabilities of growth and utilisation on various carbon sources, which occur in lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, starch) or their hydrolysates (glucose, galactose, fructose, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose).

Congo red

10.3390/su15010598

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Citations (11)

Non-chemical control methods of Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnovskyi Manden.)

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture (2022)

Oleksandr Ivashchenko Yaroslav Makukh С. О. Ременюк Snizhana Moshkivska Vladyslav Riznyk

Sosnowsky's hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is an invasive species becoming an increased problem in the Europe including the Baltic region.It is an aggressive weed that poses a threat to human health.It is extremely difficult to control this plant, especially in the locations where chemical control is impossible.The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of non-chemical control methods of cutting and shading for 1st-and 2nd-year H. sosnowskyi plants as well as thermal control by heating with water steam at different growth stages.The study was carried out in Ukraine over the period of 2013-2020.To test the efficacy of cutting and shading aboveground parts of H. sosnowskyi, two field trials were conducted.Second-year plants were able to regenerate their aboveground part.Cutting of the 2nd-year shoots of H. sosnowskyi reduced the aboveground mass by 89.8-90.3%.An effective control of H. sosnowskyi was root removal in the 10 cm soil layer.Removal of the aboveground part of plant was less effective because of a high H. sosnowskyi regeneration, and the efficacy of control significantly decreased.The 1st-year plants of H. sosnowskyi at the 4-leaf stage were sensitive to covering by a plastic film.Shading for 30 days on juvenile plants ensured the sufficient efficacy of control.Thermal control (at a steam temperature of ≥95°C) was most efficient when H. sosnowskyi plants were at the cotyledon up to 4-leaf stage.Using of two non-chemical methods could have an effective control of 1st-and 2nd-year plants of H. sosnowskyi.

10.13080/z-a.2022.109.034

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Citations (2)

Asymptomatic weeds are frequently colonised by pathogenic species of Fusarium in cereal‐based crop rotations

Weed Research (2019)

Skaidrė Supronienė Gražina Kadžienė Witold Irzykowski Donatas Šneideris Algirdas Ivanauskas

Summary Several Fusarium species cause harmful cereal diseases, such as fusarium head blight and crown rot, which, during pathogenesis, may result in significant grain yield and quality losses. Several species of agricultural weed are believed to be alternative and reservoir hosts for Fusarium spp.; however, studies have not comprehensively evaluated those weed species in cropping systems that may harbour these fungi. The objective of this study was to determine weed species in cereal‐based crop rotations that are asymptomatically colonised by Fusarium spp. We sampled all species of weed present in fields that were managed under six different crop sequences in 2015 and 2016. The study yielded 2326 single‐spore isolates of Fusarium spp. derived from various organs of asymptomatic weeds. Isolates were identified morphologically and then confirmed using PCR with species‐specific primers and/or sequencing of tef1α gene fragments. Isolates of nine Fusarium spp. were obtained from 689 of the 744 individuals collected that represented 56 weed species. Each weed species harboured at least one species of Fusarium , and >80% were colonised by 3–9 Fusarium spp. In total, we identified 27 dicotyledonous weed species that were previously undocumented as Fusarium hosts and 251 new weed × Fusarium species combinations were revealed. Consequently, there is a greater risk of negative Fusarium impacts on cereal crops than was previously thought. We suggest effective weed management and inversion soil tillage may help mitigate these impacts.

10.1111/wre.12367

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Citations (16)

Tillage and cover crop influence on weed pressure and Fusarium infection in spring cereals

Crop Protection (2019)

Gražina Kadžienė Skaidrė Supronienė Ona Auškalnienė Simona Pranaitienė Povilas Svegzda

White mustard

Trifolium repens

Plough

10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104966

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Citations (28)

Population Structure of Fusarium graminearum Isolated from Different Sources in One Area over the Course of Three Years

Phytopathology (2020)

Donatas Šneideris Algirdas Ivanauskas Petras Prakas Dalius Butkauskas О. Трейкале

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important crop disease worldwide and is mainly caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex. F. graminearum sensu stricto is the most common cosmopolitan and predominant FHB causal agent in Europe. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on the primary hosts (wheat and barley) of this pathogen, while the relationships between other sources of infection remain unclear. We monitored and sampled test fields over the course of 3 years and acquired 804 F. graminearum isolates from different sources: primary hosts and other plant species included in the crop rotations, weeds from the test fields, decaying plant residue, soil samples, and crop seed. Of these isolates, 73.3% had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype and 26.7% had the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype. F. graminearum isolation rates from weeds (>50%) were much higher than from soil (< 10%) or decaying plant matter (4%). Variable number of tandem repeat markers were used for population analysis. Noticeable genetic differentiation was detected between isolates from living plants and soil biome. In contrast, absence of any noticeable division between primary and alternative plant host communities indicates the importance of weeds and other segetal plants for FHB control and prevention.

10.1094/phyto-08-19-0298-r

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Citations (8)

The impact of tillage and fertilization on Fusarium infection and mycotoxin production in wheat grains.

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture (2012)

Skaidrė Supronienė Audroné Mankevičienè Gražina Kadžienė Audrius Kačergius Virginijus Feiza

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a worldwide disease of small grain cereals, which reduces grain yield and its quality. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of different tillage and fertilization practices on winter and spring wheat grain infection with Fusarium fungi and contamination by mycotoxins – deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin. A two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 2005–2008. The internal grain infection with Fusarium fungi were quantified using agar tests. Purified colonies were identified using different manuals. The mycotoxins were analyzed using ELISA method. Meteorological conditions were not conducive to Fusarium head blight development during the 2005–2008 period, therefore Fusarium infection level was very low in harvested winter wheat grain (0–7.1%) and moderate in spring wheat grains (27.3–41.3%). The concentrations of DON (<100–166.3 μg kg-1), ZEN (<10–10.8 μg kg-1) and T-2 toxin (<7.5–13.2 μg kg-1) in winter wheat grain samples most often were close to the limit of detection, while in spring wheat samples they were slightly higher. Tillage systems had no clearly evident influence on Fusarium infection level; however, some significant differences in the mycotoxin production were observed. The concentrations of DON (2008) and ZEN (2006 and 2008) in spring wheat and T-2 toxin (2006) in winter wheat significantly correlated with the number of productive tillers or number of plants m-2 and were significantly lower in no-tillage system. A significant influence of high fertilizer rates on spring wheat grain infection with Fusarium spp. was observed in 2007, and similar trends were found in 2006 and 2008. Higher concentrations of trichothecene producers were detected in the spring wheat grain from the conventionally tilled treatments applied with higher fertilizer rates.

Pyrenophora

Triticale

Grain Quality

Vomitoxin

Source

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Citations (19)