Abstract We demonstrated high‐brightness large‐area, white organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) consisting of printing‐processed organic semiconductor layers. Meniscus printing process was applied to the substrate with 2 μm‐high stripe‐shape auxiliary electrodes. The OLED panel showed white emission all over the whole emitting area of 58 mm × 52 mm, high average luminance of 10,000 cd/m 2 , luminance uniformity of 40 %, and high luminous flux of 95 lm.
We have developed a digital fabrication process using high-resolution liquid toner electrophotography, consisting of fine liquid toner, a high-resolution exposure system, and nonelectrical transfer. Fine pitch multiline patterns of Cu wiring can be obtained by printing fine lines with seed toners and by electroless plating deposited on lines. Submicron-diameter seed toners have superfine conductive particles on their surfaces. Adhesion between the seed toner layer and Cu layer was increased by applying surface modification. Multiline patterns of 1 pixel line width (21.6 μm) with the volume resistivity of 2.1×10-6 Ωcm were realized by using a 1200 dpi resolution light-emitting diode. Furthermore, the development process of multiline patterns with 2540 dpi resolution was examined by numerical simulations based on the electrophoretic characteristics of liquid toner and on the electrostatic forces. The capability of multiline-pattern formation of line and space (L/S)=10/10 μm was confirmed. The actual toner images of L/S=10/10 μm multiline pattern were obtained by using a 2540 dpi resolution luster scanning unit (LSU). Theoretical and experimental results confirm that the fabrication process using liquid toner electrophotography is available for realizing high-resolution multiline patterns.
We propose a new technique to fabricate a transmissive one‐side‐emission OLED panel with alignment‐free cathode patterning. This technique can reduce the non‐luminescent and non‐transparent area and result in the enlargement of luminescent area. The luminance of the fabricated panel was improved 1.28 times and high transmittance was kept.
Abstract We fabricated a transmissive one‐side‐emission organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on a stripe‐shaped cathode. The fabricated transmissive OLED whose panel size is 180 × 90 mm 2 showed high transmittance of 68% with the luminance ratio of the bright side to the dark side of 70.
The image-on-image (IOI) color process, in which color images are superimposed on a single photoreceptor drum and then transferred to the paper at once, possesses capabilities for realizing a high speed, high quality, and compact color printer. However, in the IOI processes using dry toners, there are unavoidable problems that make it difficult to obtain high quality color images. The authors found that, using liquid toners, these issues are completely resolved and an excellent color process is realized. Development characteristics and color image qualities are compared between IOI processes using dry and liquid toners. The results of theoretical analyses agree with these experimental data.
High-resolution liquid development process was examined theoretically and experimentally. Recently, we have realized extremely high-resolution (2540 dpi) images on a liquid toner developing system. The mechanisms of reproducing such extremely high resolution are investigated from the viewpoint of the developing process. An electric potential distribution in a single-dot latent image on a photoreceptor is calculated from the exposure energy of high-resolution Laser Scanning Unit (LSU) and surface properties of a photoreceptor. The development characteristics of single-dot images are investigated using numerical simulations of twodimensional continuity equations based on the electrostatic forces in the development, taking account of the motion of both toner particles and counter ions. The simulation shows that, at an early stage of the development, the toner particles are developed around the edge of the latent image on the photoreceptor, and then the particles are accumulated to form a single dot with horizontal migration toward the center of the latent image. Such developing behavior is characteristic of liquid toner, and the result suggests the mechanism of the high reproducibility of liquid development.
We have studied a new digital fabrication technology using highresolution liquid toner electrophotography, which consists of fine liquid toner, high-resolution exposure unit and non-electrical transfer. Fine pitch multi-line patterns of Cu wiring can be obtained by printing fine lines with seed toners, and by electroless plating deposited on lines. Seed toners are submicrons in diameter with superfine conductive particles on the surface. The multi-line patterns of 1 pixel line-width (21.6 micrometers) with the volume resistivity of 2.1 × 10−6 Ω·cm were realized by using a liquid toner developing process with a 1200 dpi resolution LED.Furthermore, the capability of high-resolution multi-line pattern formation has been investigated by theoretical analysis. Liquid toner developing process with a 2540 dpi resolution LSU was examined by numerical simulations, taking account of the potential distributions of multi-line patterns. The capability of multi-line pattern formation of Line and Space (L/S) = 10/10 micrometers was indicated and the experimental result confirmed it.
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