We study how wireless network can support location based services (LBS) a to mobile users. WE assume that each mobile is capable of self-geolocation using GPS and indoor geolocation [K. Pahlavan et al., Feb 2002]. The wireless network collects the geolocation information from mobiles and provides this information to application service so that the services can be custom-tailored for each mobile user. The main challenge in wireless network is to keep track of geolocation of mobile users so that the application service can maintain the quality of the service (QoS). In general, the quality of service depends on how often mobile terminals update their geolocation. Since geolocation update requires battery power and radio resource, optimizing the geolocation update frequency is critical. In this paper, we present geolocation update schemes that minimize the update frequency while satisfying the QoS of application service. For case study, we consider location based traffic report service (LBS-TR) and location based navigation service (LBS-NS). In LBS-TR, mobile users who are about to enter heavily jammed highways are informed in a timely manner so that the mobile users can avoid traffic congestion. In LBS-NS, mobile users are provided with navigation instructions that are custom-tailored to the geolocation of the users. The granularity of navigation instruction changes as the user moves from highway to local street and from local street into building complex.
For cultured meat to effectively replace traditional meat, it is essential to develop scaffolds that replicate key attributes of real meat, such as taste, nutrition, flavor, and texture. However, one of the significant challenges in replicating meat characteristics with scaffolds lies in the considerable gap between the stiffness preferred by cells and the textural properties desired by humans. To address this issue, we focused on the microscale environment conducive to cell growth and the macro-scale properties favored by humans. This led to the development of the adaptive bio-orchestrating anisotropic scaffold (ABS), which satisfies both cellular and human requirements. The ABS is produced using the anisotropic freeze-initiated ion coordination method, which sequentially aligns and enhances the fibril structure of food-derived proteins, effectively bridging the gap between cellular and culinary perspectives. Notably, the microenvironments of the ABS exhibited exceptional myoblast cell differentiation, with macro-scale 3D mechanical textures that are consistent regardless of the chewing direction, due to the aligned fibril and cell structure. The ABS containing bovine myotubes demonstrated a mechanical texture nearly identical to that of beef sirloins.
Heart Valve Leaflets In article number 2307106, Sangmin Lee, Se Yong Jung, Jinkee Hong, and co-workers present a silk fibroin-based heart valve leaflet. Notably, it exhibits a hierarchical structure physically optimal for replacing the natural heart valve leaflet. An aortic valve composed of silk fibroin-based leaflets shows an excellent valve performance, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and reliable cardiovascular device.
In this study, the structural details of steel girder-abutment joints with shear connectors and tie bars were suggested to improve the rigid behavior and crack-resisting capacity of the joints in integral bridges. Experimental loading tests of steel girder-abutment joint specimens with the proposed and empirically constructed structural details were carried out, and the capacities and behavioral characteristics of the joints were evaluated through loading tests. Based on the results of the loading tests, it was estimated that all types of tested joints can be applied to the steel girder-abutment joints because they have sufficient stiffness and crack-resisting capacity under the required design and yield loads. According to the initial stiffness, crack propagations, and load-strain relationships, however, the joints with shear connectors and tie bars showed better structural behaviors compared to the empirically constructed joint.
Abstract Background Lumbar lordosis (LL) can be restored, and screw-related complications may be avoided with the stand-alone expandable cage method. However, the long-term spinopelvic changes and safety remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the long-term radiologic outcomes and safety of this technique. Methods Data from patients who underwent multi-level stand-alone expandable cage fusion and 80 patients who underwent screw-assisted fusion between February 2007 and December 2012, with at least 5 years of follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Segmental angle and translation, short and whole LL, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope (SS), sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, and presence of subsidence, pseudoarthrosis, retropulsion, cage breakage, proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and screw malposition were assessed. The relationship between local, lumbar, and spinopelvic effects was investigated. The implant failure rate was considered a measure of procedure effectiveness and safety. Results In total, 69 cases were included in the stand-alone expandable cage group and 150 cases in the control group. The stand-alone group showed shorter operative time (58.48 ± 11.10 vs 81.43 ± 13.75, P = .00028), lower rate of PJK (10.1% vs 22.5%, P = .03), and restoration of local angle (4.66 ± 3.76 vs 2.03 ± 1.16, P = .000079) than the control group. However, sagittal balance (0.01 ± 2.57 vs 0.50 ± 2.10, P = .07) was not restored, and weakness showed higher rate of subsidence (16.31% vs 4.85%, P = .0018), pseudoarthrosis (9.92% vs 2.42%, P = .02), cage, and retropulsion (3.55% vs 0, P = .01) than the control group. Conclusions Stand-alone expandable cage fusion can restore local lordosis; however, global sagittal balance was not restored. Furthermore, implant safety has not yet been proven.
Dissociative amnesia is a psychiatric disorder charicterized by a sudden loss of memory, but which has no organic disease or explanation, It usually occurs after severe psychosocial stress or traumatic experience. As for medical treatment, medicine, psychotherapy and hypnosis are used. This case describes a 35-years-old woman who developed amnesia and depression following severe troublesome events. So she suited without expression and appealed against headache, dizziness, chest discomfort and weakness. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy was enforced for three days with hypnosis. She expressed the felling over the incident which she dose not like, and canceled in the past. She became reconciled with the family and left the husband by the heart. Then she recovered memory completely and body condition also improved. Recovery and growth of self were helped using supportive expression in order to prevent a recurrence. The prognosis is good with complete recovery, and there was no relapse.
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