Abstract Various methods have been used to measure the improvement made by individuals during repeated trials on a specific motor skill. This study compares eight such methods, some of which differ only in the selection of the final score. Considerable variations were found among the scores yielded by the methods, particularly when comparing improvements of individuals starting with different initial scores. Of the eight methods studied, the most acceptable appear to be those that relate gain to possible gain in the computation, while the least desirable are those that interpret gain in relation to the initial score.
Abstract Three fitness tests—push-ups, sit-ups, and pull-ups—were administered on four separate days to elementary and junior high school boys to determine the relative reliabilities of using a single trial, better of two trials, and average of two trials. A trend analysis of the data revealed significant improvement during the four trials, and scores increased significantly from trial to trial on push-ups. Neither the better of two trials or the average of two trials was found to be any more reliable than a single trial.
Abstract Comparisons were made of the isotonic movement of the muscles in chinning and a similar isometric contraction with the hands held so that the forearms were in the positions of pronation, supination, and alternated; i.e., one pronated and one supinated. Data from 51 college men suggest that the position of the hands have little, if any, effect on scores. Differences among positions for isometric contractions were not significant. While differences were significant for chinning, the variation from position to position was no greater than that from trial to trial in the same position.
Abstract Three groups of college men participated for nine weeks in separate exercise programs to determine the relative effects of isotonic, isometric, and speed contractions on muscular strength and muscular endurance. Data examined by the multiple linear regression technique for variance analysis revealed little difference among programs for the group as a whole. Considerable differences, however, were apparent when the subjects' initial status on the attribute in question was considered.
(1952). A Comparison of the Reliabilities of Methods of Scoring Tests of Physical Ability. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 73-81.
Abstract Thirty-six male college students served as subjects in a study that examined the relationship between isometric strength and relative isometric endurance of the right forearm flexor muscles. The percentages of maximum isometric strength used for the endurance tests were 30, 45, 60, and 75. Three equal groups were formed based on the strength level of the subjects, and an analysis of variance test was used to determine the existence of significant differences. Significant negative correlations were found between isometric strength and relative isometric endurance. The weak subjects performed significantly better than the strong subjects on the light weight loads, with no difference existing between the endurance performances on the heavy loads.
