The species diversity of the microalgae of two rice fields in Kazakhstan, located on the territory of the Almaty and Kyzylorda regions with different types of landscape was studied. The objects of the study were fields located in the Almaty region, Balkhash district of the village of Birlik and the Kyzylorda region of the village of Karaultobe. In the Birlik village the soil microalgae was studied for the first time. The purpose of this work was to study the microalgae of soils that were exposed to anthropogenic impact due to the cultivation of agricultural crops in them to identify and isolate cyanobacteria cultures. The above-mentioned objects are important for agriculture, as well as economic importance for the population of these areas. Therefore, the biological assessment of the soil of these objects is the most relevant. The analysis of the algological composition of the soils of rice fields identified an extensive species diversity of cyanobacteria in the studied objects. The greatest quantitative and qualitative composition in the soils revealed cyanobacteria of such types as: unicellular, colonial and filamentous forms. The scientific importance of the research is to study the species diversity of cyanobacteria of these objects. The practical importance of research is established in the fact that the results of the conducted analyses and experiments can be used in predicting the ecological state, and can also be necessary in creating recommendations for the conservation and functioning of environmental objects. According to the results of studies on obtaining algologically pure cultures from samples taken from the soils of rice fields in Almaty and Kyzylorda regions, such algological cultures of cyanobacteria as: Oscillitoria subbreris, Oscillitoria pseudogeminate, Osillitoria geitleriana, Phormidium purpurascens. Key words: microalgae of rice fields, cyanobacteria, algologically pure cultures.
The article presents the results of a study of the effect of heavy metals on fluorescence activity of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Based on the results of the study determined that the collection of strains of microalgae and cyanobacteria 5 crops resistant to heavy metals, 4 cultures are more sensitive to the studied concentrations of heavy metals. Some strains under the influence of the zinc and copper was observed phenomenon of plasmolysis and deformation of the cells. Influence of heavy metals on cells of microalgae and cyanobacteria have identified a number of surveyed metals toxicity, which is as follows: Cu2 + > Zn2 + > Co2 + > Ni2+. From cultures of microalgae andcyanobacteria the following types of selected for further study, as promising strains for bioremediation of contaminated aquatic ecosystems, various heavy metals: Phormidium autumnale I-5, Anabaena variabilis RI-5, Synechococcus elongatus I-4, Chlorella vulgaris sp BB-2, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii B -4.
he article studies the algal flora of Kolsai lakes and provides a biological assessment of their stateby the bioindication method. There are 124 species from 6 microalgae divisions were found in thealgal flora of investigated lakes. The greatest number of species (72) is recorded in the first Kolsai lake,including diatoms – 41 species, green – 19 species and blue-green – 12. In the composition of second Mynzholka Lake’s algal flora, there are 52 species belonging to four divisions: Bacillariophyta – 24 species, Cyanophyta – 9 species, Chlorophyta – 14 species and Dinophyta – 5 species were identified. Themost numerous and diverse in a specific respect are the diatoms (Bacillariophyta), the division is represented by 14 genera and 7 families. In the Upper Kolsai there is a relatively smaller species diversity – 45species belonging to 5 divisions, 10 classes, 13 orders. At the same time, the largest number of speciesis also represented by the diatom algae division, totally 31 species were found. It is established that thespecies richness of Kolsai lakes’ algae varies depending on the location of the studied places, so the algal species’ composition characterized by relatively high diversity in the Lower Kolsai Lake, located atthe altitude 1818 m above sea level. Analysis of indicator-saprobic species of Kolsai lakes testify to theabsence of signs of contamination in them. Indicators of pure water – oligosaprobes here were the mostnumerous. The index of saprobity fluctuate within 1.15-1.5, which corresponds to oligosaprobic conditions of the medium.Key words: algal flora of microalgae, bioindication, saprobity index.
he article studies the algal flora of Kolsai lakes and provides a biological assessment of their stateby the bioindication method. There are 124 species from 6 microalgae divisions were found in thealgal flora of investigated lakes. The greatest number of species (72) is recorded in the first Kolsai lake,including diatoms – 41 species, green – 19 species and blue-green – 12. In the composition of second Mynzholka Lake’s algal flora, there are 52 species belonging to four divisions: Bacillariophyta – 24 species, Cyanophyta – 9 species, Chlorophyta – 14 species and Dinophyta – 5 species were identified. Themost numerous and diverse in a specific respect are the diatoms (Bacillariophyta), the division is represented by 14 genera and 7 families. In the Upper Kolsai there is a relatively smaller species diversity – 45species belonging to 5 divisions, 10 classes, 13 orders. At the same time, the largest number of speciesis also represented by the diatom algae division, totally 31 species were found. It is established that thespecies richness of Kolsai lakes’ algae varies depending on the location of the studied places, so the algal species’ composition characterized by relatively high diversity in the Lower Kolsai Lake, located atthe altitude 1818 m above sea level. Analysis of indicator-saprobic species of Kolsai lakes testify to theabsence of signs of contamination in them. Indicators of pure water – oligosaprobes here were the mostnumerous. The index of saprobity fluctuate within 1.15-1.5, which corresponds to oligosaprobic conditions of the medium.Key words: algal flora of microalgae, bioindication, saprobity index.
Aquatic plants irrespective of whether they belong to various environmental groups in the process of their life can accumulate items in fairlyhigh concentrations. Research of the aquatic plants is a necessary component of monitoring of water bodies, as components of nature show a different response to technoge noninterference. The ability of accumulation ofchemical elements is important in assessing water quality. The purpose ofresearch was to study the sensitivity and ability of Canadian elodea (Elodeacanadensis) to the accumulation of some heavy metals (Cd2+,Cu2+, Pb2+,Zn2+) in the laboratory. Based on the results of the study, it was found thatcadmium and copper at high concentrations perniciously operates plantsE. сanadensis, compared with zinc and lead, maximum concentrations ofmetals, where there are signs of vitality of plants: lead-10 MPC, copper-5MPC, zinc-10 MPC, for cadmium-5 MPC. On the level of accumulation inplants of E.сanadensis of heavy metals can be positioned in the followingseries: Cu >Zn >Pb>Cd. The possibility of using plants E. сanadensispurification from heavy metals.Key words: higher aquatic vegetation, heavy metals, Elodea canadensis, LPC.
The species diversity of the algoflora of five lakes, with different types of landscapes, located in the territory of the Almaty region was studied. The study covered five freshwater bodies includin: Balkhash, Alakol, Kolsay, Issyk and Big Almaty lake. Phytoplankton was studied for the first time in two lakes (Issyk and Big Almaty lake). The aim was to study the biodiversity of algoflora in lakes that are subject to various degrees of anthropogenic impact during recreational use. These water bodies are of great economic importance populations of the region, so the biological assessment of the water of these lakes is the most relevant. Analysis of the floral composition of the algoflora of lakes revealed a high species diversity of microalgae in all the studied objects. The highest quantitative and qualitative diversity in the lakes is represented by diatoms and green algae. The assessment of the ecological state of the water using microalgae as an indicator revealed that lake Balkhash is relatively dirty of all the studied lakes. Big Almaty lake, a high-altitude reservoir located in the reserve zone of the Trans-ili Alatau, was identified as the cleanest by saprobity. The scientific significance is to study the species diversity of microalgae and cyanobacteria of these objects. The practical significance is that the results obtained are necessary for forecasting and making recommendations for the conservation and normal functioning of natural complexes. Based on the results of the work of allocating pure cultures from samples taken from the lakes of the Almaty region received 5 algal pure cultures: Nephrochlamys sp., Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Monoraphidium griffthii, Parachlorella sp. и Monoraphidium sp. Key words: bioindication, algal flora, lakes Almaty region, microalgae, saprobity, algal pure cultures.
The article presents the results of a study of the species diversity of algaeflora River Ilek, a major tributary of the left bank of the Ural River. In water samples taken from various points of River Ilek detected 181 species, the main structural element are green and blue-green algae, of which 68% are indicator species. According to the results of bioindication analysis found that the index stood at 2.5 saprobe (β-mezosaprobic); trend saprobe level offset in α-mezosaprobic zone as it moves water to the city. Based on the results of the work of allocating pure cultures from samples taken from the river Ilek received 4 algae and bacteriologic pure culture: Chlorеlla sр. I-1, Chlorella vulgaris I-2, Scеnеdеsmus obliquus I-3, Chlamydomonas sр. I-4. .
Aquatic plants irrespective of whether they belong to various environmental groups in the process of their life can accumulate items in fairlyhigh concentrations. Research of the aquatic plants is a necessary component of monitoring of water bodies, as components of nature show a different response to technoge noninterference. The ability of accumulation ofchemical elements is important in assessing water quality. The purpose ofresearch was to study the sensitivity and ability of Canadian elodea (Elodeacanadensis) to the accumulation of some heavy metals (Cd2+,Cu2+, Pb2+,Zn2+) in the laboratory. Based on the results of the study, it was found thatcadmium and copper at high concentrations perniciously operates plantsE. сanadensis, compared with zinc and lead, maximum concentrations ofmetals, where there are signs of vitality of plants: lead-10 MPC, copper-5MPC, zinc-10 MPC, for cadmium-5 MPC. On the level of accumulation inplants of E.сanadensis of heavy metals can be positioned in the followingseries: Cu >Zn >Pb>Cd. The possibility of using plants E. сanadensispurification from heavy metals.Key words: higher aquatic vegetation, heavy metals, Elodea canadensis, LPC.
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