India is witnessing tremendous growth in dairy industry. The milk production has increased from 20 million tonnes in 1961 to 132 million tonnes in 2012-13. India has been retaining its number one position in milk production for many years. Dairy Industry in India is growing at the rate of 10% per annum. Considering this, it is essential to know the future production to improve and sustain the growth and development of sector. The objective of the study is to find out most suitable forecasting method for milk production for sustainable future production and policy implications. The data used in study is secondary data, collected from FAOSTAT (1961 to 2012) and NDDB (1991 to 2012). Stationarity of data was checked with Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF), after confirming the stationarity, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models were used. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Schwartz Bayesian Criteria (SBC), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), R square and RMSE were used to test reliability of model. The results indicate that ARIMA (1, 1, 1) is more suitable method with the use of SPSS software package for forecasting of milk. Milk production is expected to be 160 million tonnes by 2017.
Over the past 20 years, the Indian poultry sector has transformed into a dynamic entity with more structured operations. Following all these practices almost at every level, poultry industry is now achieving new heights day by day. The entire livestock sector's contribution to India's GDP is greatly aided by the poultry industry in the country. India's poultry sector ranks second and third in the world in terms of meat and egg output, respectively, with 3.4 million tonnes of meat and 65 million tons of eggs produced (FAO). Significant advancements in the industry have resulted from management initiatives. Most of India's organized structure has contributed to the effective use of resources and the right implementation of policies, which have improved firm financial positions and produced the intended results. The data was collected from stakeholders with the help of pretested interview schedule. Separate interview schedule was prepared for broiler farmers (100 samples), breeder farmers (10 samples) and processing cum distribution centers (20 samples). A combination of tools viz. average, percentage, cost and return analysis. To get better understanding of the study, the sample farmers were classified into different supply chains based on their mode of working and business stages performed. Feeding management practices were followed aptly by most of the farmers. Almost all farmers were following suitable health management practice by vaccinating their birds. Based on number of birds reared poultry farms were classified as small, medium and large poultry farms. Small farms were in only in Supply Chain II and III. Fixed investment they did was `583010 and `46733 out of which nearly 85 per cent building charge. In medium sized poultry farms category, poultry farms from Supply Chain II, III and IV were present. Fixed investment they made was `12,22,096, `15,94,147 and `13,27,778 respectively of which more than 90 per cent was spent on farm buildings construction purpose. In large poultry farms, Supply Chain IV farmers had made quite huge fixed investment. For all the farms, of the total investment, 90 per cent was in buildings and 10 per cent was in equipments.
Nutritional evaluation of Coastal Bermuda grass as a sole feed was undertaken in adult male NZW rabbits. There was a constant decrease (-18g/day) in body weight of rabbits during the three weeks experimental period. daily DM intake was very low (31g). Digestibility of all the nutrients especially that of crude protein (CP) and structural carbohydrates was low: DM 52.6%, CP 48.9% and crude fibre 26.4%. For rabbits, digestible CP content was 5.7g in 100g of DM of Coastal Bermuda grass, and calculated DE content was 2.11 Mcal/kg DM. The results of the study indicate that Coastal Bermuda grass had very poor nutritive value for adult rabbits and could not supply adequate nutrients even for maintenance.
Plant breeding relies on genetic variation as its main tool to create unique and improved cultivars. Fortunately, mutant breeding offers us hope for the development of food crops with high nutritional quality yields that also increase the content and bioavailability of vital elements. Additionally, they create crop kinds that can withstand salt, drought, and disease. The role of mutagenic plants and their role in human food systems are less understood, despite the fact that the role and abundance of variations of transgenic crops in human food systems and their effect on ecology, human health, and agriculture biodiversity are better understood and well documented. Since the X-ray effects on mutation were discovered, mutation breeding has emerged as a promising and unmatched method for the improvement of crops. Even if new and cuttingedge methods for inducing mutations have emerged, they have always aided in the fundamental goal of improving crops to meet population growth demands for food security, sustainable nutrition, and improved nutrition. The general reduction in genetic diversity that has been steadily occurring in crop species is also partially offset by the heritable variability brought on by the mutations
Millets are a group of small grained cereals. These crops largely contribute to food and nutritional security of the country. They are good for consumer, farmer and planet. Foxtail millet is believed to be originated in China. At present in India , foxtail millet is cultivated on a limited area in Karnataka, Telangana, Aandra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Foxtail millet has high content of minerals, non-starchy polysaccharides, vital amino acids, proteins and hence it is regarded as one of the worlds’ most important Nutri cereals. The grain contains high protein (14-16%), fat (5-8%). Nutritional superiority of foxtail millet grain is also shown by more edible fibre content (2.5-fold) and the bran has 9.4% crude oil containing 66.5% linoleic and 13.0% oleic acid. It helps in proper functioning of nervous system, protect bone health and muscle health, good for cardiac health, regulates blood sugar level, lowering blood cholesterol, helps in good digestion, helps for weight loss, improves immunity. Foxtail millet has a slender, erect, leafy stem with dense root system. It is drought tolerant. The inflorescence of foxtail millet has a main stalk with shortened side branches bearing spikes and bristles. The inflorescence is a terminal spike. The duration for an ear head to complete its flowering varies from 10-15 days. The foxtail millet is highly autogamous and the extent of out crossing varies from 1.4-4%. The difficulty in making crosses artificially and lack of an efficient crossing technique have resulted in a very limited number of genetic studies and limited improvement of foxtail millet. The most commonly followed method to make crosses is hot water emasculation followed by contact method and hand emasculation followed by pollination.
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