Purpose: Severe mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia can cause bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). In order to improve the prognosis of BO, it is necessary to grasp the clinical characteristics and risk factors of BO after severe MP pneumonia and intervene as soon as possible. Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 110 patients with severe MP pneumonia, and divided them into BO group (22 cases) and non-BO group (88 cases). The clinical characteristics of BO group were analyzed, and the clinical data of two groups were compared to identify the risk factors of BO. Results: At the time of diagnosis, all BO patients had symptoms of cough and wheezing, and 10 (45.45%) had decreased exercise intolerance. Lung function showed moderate to severe obstructive ventilatory dysfunction, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed mosaic perfusion patterns. Multivariate binomial regression analysis showed that higher levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hypoxemia were independent risk factors for BO after severe MP pneumonia. Conclusion: Higher levels of serum LDH and hypoxemia were independent risk factors for BO after severe MP pneumonia. For patients with risk factors, clinicians should regular follow-up for early diagnosis and intervention of BO. Keywords: children, bronchiolitis obliterans, mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, risk factors
Physical exercise (PE) brings physiological benefits to human health; paradoxically, exposure to air pollution (AP) is harmful. Hence, the combined effects of AP and PE are interesting issues worth exploring. The objective of this study is to review literature involved in AP-PE fields to perform a knowledge-map analysis and explore the collaborations, current hotspots, physiological applications, and future perspectives. Herein, cluster, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis were applied using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The results demonstrated that AP-PE domains have been springing up and in rapid growth since the 21st century. Subsequently, active countries and institutions were identified, and the productive institutions were mainly located in USA, China, UK, Spain, and Canada. Developed countries seemed to be the major promoters. Additionally, subject analysis found that environmental science, public health, and sports medicine were the core subjects, and multidimensional communications were forming. Thereafter, a holistic presentation of reference co-citation clusters was conducted to discover the research topics and trace the development focuses. Youth, elite athletes, and rural population were regarded as the noteworthy subjects. Commuter exposure and moderate aerobic exercise represented the common research context and exercise strategy, respectively. Simultaneously, the research hotspots and application fields were elaborated by keyword co-occurrence distribution. It was noted that physiological adaptations including respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health were the major themes; oxidative stress and inflammatory response were the mostly referred mechanisms. Finally, several challenges were proposed, which are beneficial to promote the development of the research field. Molecular mechanisms and specific pathways are still unknown and the equilibrium points and dose-effect relationships remain to be further explored. We are highly confident that this study provides a unique perspective to systematically and comprehensively review the pieces of AP-PE research and its related physiological mechanisms for future investigations.
Objective: To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with peeling of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in patients with laser-induced macular hole. Methods: The clinical data of 11 patients (12 eyes) with decreased visual acuity due to laser-induced macular hole from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively studied.All patients underwent routine examination, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients were observed every two weeks. PPV with ILM peeling was performed when macular hole was enlarged. Closure of macular hole, pre- and post-operation visual acuity were observed. Results: A total of 11 male patients (12 eyes)aged (18±4) years were included in the study.Laser instruments which lead to macular hole consisted of laser toy (3 eye), laser pen (4 eye), laser torch (1 eye) and cosmetic laser instrument (4 eyes). All patients were followed up every two weeks and evaluated by OCT. None of the macular hole was spontaneously closed in this study. All Macular holes were enlarged in 1-3 months of follow-up and underwent PPV with ILM peeling immediately. All of the macular hole with PPV and ILM peeling were completely closed. During follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of 10 eyes (10/12) were found to increase above 3 lines and BCVA of 7 eyes(7/12) were found to be more than 0.5. Only 1 eye maintained the same visual acuity after the surgery which might be due to long course, large macular hole diameter (850 μm) and serious retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage. Conclusion: Early PPV with ILM peeling for laser induced macular hole might benefit for the closure rate of macular hole and better visual acuity prognosis.目的： 观察激光意外损伤所致黄斑裂孔行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术的治疗效果。方法： 回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年12月就诊于北京同仁医院眼科中心因激光意外照射损伤所致黄斑裂孔患者。所有患者均行眼部常规检查、眼底照相及光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查，并进行定期随访观察黄斑裂孔的变化。如果在随访中发现OCT示黄斑裂孔持续扩大，则行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术。术后定期随访并行OCT检查，观察黄斑裂孔闭合情况及视力恢复情况。结果： 本研究共入选激光意外照射所致黄斑裂孔患者11例(12眼)，年龄(18±4)岁，均为青少年男性。致伤的激光设备包括激光玩具(3眼)、激光笔(4眼)、激光手电筒(1眼)、美容激光设备(4眼)。本研究中所有激光意外照射所致黄斑裂孔患者在随访中均未见黄斑裂孔自行闭合者。患者每两周复查一次，所有患眼在随访1～3个月时黄斑裂孔不断扩大，故行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术。在行手术的这12眼中黄斑裂孔术后均完全闭合，随访时间为3个月～1年，术后随访中最佳矫正视力提高3行以上的有10眼(10/12)，最佳矫正视力恢复到0.5及以上有7眼(7/12)。有1眼术后黄斑裂孔闭合但视力较术前无明显变化，考虑与该患眼病程长、裂孔大、裂孔下方视网膜色素上皮细胞受损明显等因素有关。结论： 激光意外照射所致黄斑裂孔患者早期行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术的黄斑裂孔闭合率高，视力预后好。.
Correlations of fluctuations are essential to understanding many-body systems and key information for advancing quantum technologies. To fully describe the dynamics of a physical system, all time-ordered correlations (TOCs), i.e., the dynamics-complete set of correlations are needed. The current measurement techniques can only access a limited set of TOCs, and there has been no systematic and feasible solution for extracting the dynamic-complete set of correlations hitherto. Here we propose a platform-universal protocol to selectively detect arbitrary types of TOCs via quantum channels. In our method, the quantum channels are synthesized with various controls, and engineer the evolution of a sensor-target system along a specific path that corresponds to a desired correlation. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we experimentally demonstrate this protocol by detecting a specific type of fourth-order TOC that has never been accessed previously. We also show that the knowledge of the TOCs can be used to significantly improve the precision of quantum optimal control. Our method provides a new toolbox for characterizing the quantum many-body states and quantum noise, and hence for advancing the fields of quantum sensing and quantum computing.
Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the gemcitabine and oxaliplatin intrathoracic perfusion chemotherapy (IPCGOR) regimen combined with interleukin-2 (IL-2) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 460 advanced NSCLC patients from the Yunnan Province Early Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Project (June 2020-October 2022), assessing the IPCGOR and IL-2 combination.Outcomes were measured based on RECIST 1.1 criteria, focusing on objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (MOS), and treatment safety.Results: The treatment demonstrated an ORR of 67.4%, a DCR of 97.4%, an mPFS of 8.5 months, and an MOS of 12.5 months.14 patients underwent successful surgery post-treatment.Common adverse reactions were manageable, with no treatment-related deaths reported. Conclusion:The IPCGOR combined with IL-2 regimen shows promising efficacy and a tolerable safety profile for advanced NSCLC.These findings suggest its potential as a reference for treating advanced NSCLC.However, the study's retrospective nature and single-center design pose limitations.Future research should focus on prospective studies, randomized controlled trials, and long-term outcome assessments, particularly in diverse patient subgroups, to further validate and refine the clinical application of this regimen.
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