The burden of bacterial resistance to antibiotics affects several key sectors in the world, including healthcare, the government, and the economic sector. Resistant bacterial infection is associated with prolonged hospital stays, direct costs, and costs due to loss of productivity, which will cause policy makers to adjust their policies. Current widely performed procedures for the identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria rely on culture-based methodology. However, some resistance determinants, such as free-floating DNA of resistance genes, are outside the bacterial genome, which could be potentially transferred under antibiotic exposure. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to profiling antibiotic resistance offer several advantages to overcome the limitations of the culture-based approach. These methodologies enhance the probability of detecting resistance determinant genes inside and outside the bacterial genome and novel resistance genes yet pose inherent challenges in availability, validity, expert usability, and cost. Despite these challenges, such molecular-based and bioinformatics technologies offer an exquisite advantage in improving clinicians’ diagnoses and the management of resistant infectious diseases in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of next-generation sequencing technologies, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics in assessing antimicrobial resistance profiles.
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia is still controversial and mainly investigated in the largest ethnic group, Javanese. We examined the prevalence of H. pylori infection using four different tests including culture, histology confirmed by immunohistochemistry and rapid urease test. We also analyzed risk factors associated with H. pylori infection in five largest islands in Indonesia. From January 2014–February 2015 we consecutively recruited a total of 267 patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Java, Papua, Sulawesi, Borneo and Sumatera Island. Overall, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 22.1% (59/267). Papuan, Batak and Buginese ethnics had higher risk for H. pylori infection than Javanese, Dayak and Chinese ethnics (OR = 30.57, 6.31, 4.95; OR = 28.39, 5.81, 4.61 and OR = 23.23, 4.76, 3.77, respectively, P <0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for RUT and culture were 90.2%, 92.9% and 80.5%, 98.2%, respectively. The patients aged 50–59 years group had significantly higher H. pylori infection than 30–39 years group (OR 2.98, P = 0.05). Protestant had significantly higher H. pylori infection rate than that among Catholic (OR 4.42, P = 0.008). It was also significantly lower among peoples who used tap water as source of drinking water than from Wells/river (OR 9.67, P = 0.03). However only ethnics as become independent risk factors for H. pylori infection. Although we confirmed low prevalence of H. pylori in Javanese; predominant ethnic in Indonesia, several ethnic groups had higher risk of H. pylori infection. The age, religion and water source may implicate as a risk factor for H. pylori infection in Indonesia.
This is supplementary data to support our research finding on behalf of research dan data usage kindly contact our corresponding author at muhammad-m@fk.unair.ac.id
Abstract Over the past decade, the development of next-generation sequencing for human microbiota has led to remarkable discoveries. The characterization of gastric microbiota has enabled the examination of genera associated with several diseases, including gastritis, precancerous lesions, and gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is well known to cause gastric dysbiosis by reducing diversity, because this bacterium is the predominant bacterium. However, as the diseases developed into more severe stages, such as atrophic gastritis, premalignant lesion, and gastric adenocarcinoma, the dominance of H. pylori began to be displaced by other bacteria, including Streptococcus , Prevotella , Achromobacter , Citrobacter , Clostridium , Rhodococcus , Lactobacillus , and Phyllobacterium . Moreover, a massive reduction in H. pylori in cancer sites was observed as compared with noncancer tissue in the same individual. In addition, several cases of H. pylori -negative gastritis were found. Among these individuals, there was an enrichment of Paludibacter , Dialister , Streptococcus , Haemophilus parainfluenzae , and Treponema . These remarkable findings suggest the major role of gastric microbiota in the development of gastroduodenal diseases and led us to the hypothesis that H. pylori might not be the only gastric pathogen. The gastric microbiota point of view of disease development should lead to a more comprehensive consideration of this relationship.
Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has still become a community health problem in worldwide. TB is a public health threat with significant annual impacts on morbidity and mortality, and a negative impact on overall patients’ life. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is critical in TB patients, as it is correlated with treatment outcomes and all aspects of the patient’s life. This literature review aims to evaluate HRQoL in TB patients and the most affected aspects of it.
Abstract Infectious diseases are common problems in most countries. Streptococcus pyogenes is the infectious agent that causes diseases such as pharyngitis, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis. Tembelek (Lantana camara) is a wild plant that can easily be found in every ecosystem in Indonesia whether in nature or settlements and known as a plant that has an antibacterial effect but the knowledge about its potential against Streptococcus pyogenes in this past five years remain scant. The aim of this study was to determine the potentiality of Lantana camara leaves and flowers extract against Streptococcus pyogenes. In this experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done and confirmed by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Lantana camara leaves and flowers extracts were obtained by maceration using ethanol. The extracts were diluted into eight concentrations and their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc then proceeded Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test and phytochemical assay. The data processed using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that flowers extract had the most significant inhibition zone (11.85 ± 0.119 mm) compared with the leaves extract (9.54 ± 0.07 mm) at the highest tested concentration was 640 mg/ml. The MIC of both extracts was 250 mg/ml. Flavonoids, phenolic, steroids, and saponins were found in both extracts whereas, alkaloid was found only in flowers extract. In conclusion, the Tembelek plant has an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus pyogenes. Future study is needed related to its mechanism of antibacterial effect. Keywords : Antibacterial potential, Lantana camara; Streptococcus pyogenes
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) adalah gangguan hormonal pada wanita. Sebanyak 38-88% wanita PCOS diseluruh dunia memiliki berat badan berlebih, dan diet dapat merubah gejala klinis dan penanda inflamasi pada wanita PCOS. Melalui telaah literature ini akan menyampaikan hasil pengkajian terhadap pengaruh penerapan diet rendah glikemik pada perubahan manifestasi klinis dan penanda inflamasi wanita dengan polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Penulisan literature review ini mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel-artikel penelitian yg dicari menggunakan format free full text, dari tahun 2012 s.d. 2023, dengan platform Google Schoolar, Bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris, dan menggunakan kata kunci; Low glycemic index diet, polycystic ovary syndrome, body mass index, menstruation, pregnancy, inflammatory markers. Didapatkan 20 jurnal yang berkaitan dengan kata kunci tersebut. Terdapat perubahan manifestasi klinis dan penanda inflamasi pada wanita dengan PCOS setelah melakukan diet rendah indkes glikemik. Penurunan indeks massa tubuh pada wanita PCOS mulai terjadi pada minggu ke-12 s.d. 27 setelah melakukan diet rendah indeks glikemik. Menstruasi pada wanita PCOS mulai terjadi pada minggu ke-12 s.d. 24 setelah melakukan diet rendah indeks glikemik. Kehamilan pada wanita PCOS mulai terjadi pada minggu ke-8 s.d. 32 setelah melakukan diet rendah indeks glikemik. Penurunan kadar CRP, IL-6, dan TNF-α pada wanita PCOS mulai terjadi pada minggu ke-10 s.d. 12 setelah melakukan diet rendah indeks glikemik. Penerapan diet rendah glikemik berpengaruh pada perubahan manifestasi klinis dan penanda inflamasi wanita dengan PCOS.
ntroduction: A cataract is a condition of the eye lens experiencing turbidity. It is the highest cause of blindness in the world. Smoking is one of the risk factors for cataracts. According to the Brinkman index, the degree of smoking is a multiplication between smoking time and the number of cigarettes consumed in a day. This study aims to analyze the influence of smoking degree on cataracts.
