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Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are clinically significant heterogeneous tumors that include several pathologic types. These tumors are often found in adolescents and young adults and can present with hormonal manifestations as well as signs and symptoms of a pelvic mass. Serum tumor markers may assist in preoperative diagnosis and surveillance. Several subtypes are associated with genetic predisposition, including those observed in patients with Peutz-Jegher syndrome. Recent studies have elucidated the relationship between Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and DICER1 mutations. When classified as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ia, most subtypes may be treated with surgery alone. Higher stage or recurrent tumors have variable prognoses that range from a usually rapid course in poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor to an often prolonged course in adult granulosa cell tumors. New understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors may pave the way for novel therapeutics.
Background Lipocalin 2 has been shown to be up‐regulated in ovarian cancers and correlated with disease progression but the role of fruit and vegetable consumption on serum levels in ovarian cancer survivors has not been studied. Methods In a randomized design, women diagnosed with stage II‐IV ovarian cancer were assigned to a low fat, high fiber diet or a modified National Cancer Institute diet supplemented with a soy‐based beverage and encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrates (FVJCs). Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 months and serum levels of lipocalin‐2 were determined using highly sensitive immunoassays. Results The FVJC dietary intervention significantly lowered lipocalin‐2 serum levels compared to LFHF after 6 months (P<0.05). Those participants in the FVJC group above the average age and with no history of oral contraceptive use experienced the most significant decreases (P<0.05). Correlations between lipocalin‐2 levels with body mass index, or CA‐125 did not indicate significance. Conclusion These results show evidence that a low fat, high fiber diet supplemented with fruit and vegetable juice concentrates can cause decreases in lipocalin‐2 serum levels after 6 months of consumption and suggest further studies are necessary to investigate mechanism.
