Akiyo K. Sakamiya

Mie University

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Calorimetric Analysis of Effects of a Soil-Stress Compound on Soil-Microbial Activity

熱測定 : netsu = Calorimetry and thermal analysis (2010)

Akiyo K. Sakamiya Natsuki Origuchi Akiyoshi Tanaka

Numerous microbes inhabit soil and play important roles in carbon cycling in the biosphere. Soil-microbial activity is sensitive to the soil environment and is suppressed by soil pollutants such as chemicals and heavy metals; therefore, the degree of suppression of soil microbial activity can be a measure of soil pollution. However, most of the soil microbes are difficult to cultivate, making it difficult to measure the activity of the microbes directly by conventional methods such as media cultivation. When soil microbes degrade carbon sources, metabolic heat is generated and the process of this heat generation can be recorded by a calorimeter. Using the calorimetric method, it is possible both to measure the velocity of the carbon-source degradation, which can be regarded as soil microbe activity,1-6) and to evaluate several parameters that characterize the process of degradation. In this study, we analyze possible stressing effects of an agricultural chemical on soil-microbial activity, using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as the model compound.

Soil carbon

Soil test

Degradation

Carbon fibers

Soil Pollutants

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Ginger hexane extract suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry (2016)

Suguru Ito Akihiro Ohmi Akiyo K. Sakamiya Takeo Yano Katsuzumi Okumura

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease caused by decreased bone density. Compounds with anti-osteoclastic activity, such as bisphosphonates, may help in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Herein, we determined the inhibitory effects of ginger hexane extract (GHE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that GHE (1) suppressed osteoclast differentiation and the formation of actin rings; (2) inhibited the expression of Nfatc1, a master transcriptional factor for osteoclast differentiation, in a dose-dependent manner (10-20 μg/mL); and (3) inhibited other osteoclastogenesis-related genes, such as Oscar, Dc-stamp, Trap, and Mmp9. These findings suggest that GHE may be used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.

10.1080/09168451.2015.1127133

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The Characterization and Utility Evaluation of Flavor-producing Wild Yeast Isolated from Tree Sap

Japan Journal of Food Engineering (2016)

Narihiro Suzuki Akiyo K. Sakamiya Haruka KANAZAWA Osamu Kurita Takeo Yano

特徴的なクラフトビール用酵母を得ることを目的とし,三重県伊勢市の椎の樹液から採取した微生物群を用いて,ビール醸造を行い,発酵性態の良好であった菌叢からコロニーを単離した.得られた菌株は,ITS-5.8S rDNA-ITS2領域(ITS領域)の遺伝子解析を行い,新規のSacchromyces cerevisiae(S. cerevisiae)に属する株であることを確認し,KADOYA1と命名した.KADOYA1の実用性および特徴を評価するため,実用エール系ビール酵母株1056および3068を対照に,実用規模(1,000 L)でのビールの試験醸造を行った.KADOYA1は1056株および3068株と比較すると,醗酵速度がやや遅かったが,醗酵力は十分な実用性があることが確認できた.それぞれの酵母で醸造したビールの香気成分をGC-マススペクトロメトリーにより分析したところ,KADOYA1は1056株および3068株とは異なる特異的な香気成分の生産性をしていることが明らかとなった.さらに,におい識別装置で香気特性は評価したところ,1056株および3068株で醸造したビールとは異なる香気特性であることが確認できた.以上のことから,KADOYA1は実用ビール酵母として有用であると判断できたので報告する.

10.11301/jsfe.17.59

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Metabolomic approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry : Quantitative amino acid analysis and characterization of four species of marine fish, and a cuttlefish

Tomoko TANAHASHI Yasushi Tsuchihashi Akiyo K. Sakamiya

Summary Metabolomics enables us to detect not only the targeted metabolites but also the non- targeted metabolites. Therefore, it becomes an effective new analytical method for biological materials. This paper reports on the verification of this analytical method based on the metabolomic approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The feasibility of this metabolomic approach was tested for analyzing four species of marine fish and a cuttlefish. It was found that: 1) twenty-four kinds of amino acids were quantified as fast as 10 min.; 2) those amino acids were discriminated with some characteristic metabolites being found simultaneously using chemo- metrics; and 3) the cuttlefish was different in higher amino-acid content and metabolic profile compared with the fishes. As a result, this metabolomic approach is found to be useful for multi- component analysis of various kinds of seafood species, and it may be applicable for other biological materials such as blood serum.

Cuttlefish

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The effects of baits and water temperature on taste components after storage of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Japanese Journal of Food Chemistry and Safety (2016)

Chika Kitaoka Junpei Yamamoto Akiyo K. Sakamiya Takeo Yano Yuko Kato-Yoshinaga

Pacific oyster

10.18891/jjfcs.23.3_133

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Development of the Two Kinds of New<i> Imo</i>-<i>shochu</i> by the Use of the Dry Sweet Potato of the Local Specialty Product and those Flavor Characteristic Evaluations

Japan Journal of Food Engineering (2015)

Yasuyuki Nakayama Akiyo K. Sakamiya Kenji Funaki Osamu Kurita Takeo Yano

橙系サツマイモである隼人芋を原料とした干芋である“きんこ芋”ならびにきんこ芋製造時に廃棄されている表層部を活用した，2種類の新規芋焼酎の実用的レベルでの製造を行った．焼酎の製造にあたっては，米麹は白麹を用いて製麹，酵母は鹿児島4号酵母（C4酵母），水は地下水を使用した．きんこ芋ならびに天日乾燥させた表層部は，粉砕などの前処理をせずに用いた．仕込みは伊勢市内にある企業の焼酎製造工場の設備を用いて，二段仕込みで行った．きんこ芋からは酸度5.5，揮発性酸度0.5，アルコール濃度11.9％，表層部からは酸度7.4，揮発性酸度1.4，アルコール濃度10.9％，の最終二次もろみが得られた．きんこ芋から得たもろみは，焼酎にきんこ芋の香気特性を残すため，常圧蒸留を行った．一方，表層部から得たもろみは，焼酎に表層部に由来する臭気が残らないようにするため，減圧蒸留を行った．きんこ芋200 kgからは291 L, 表層部400 kgからは551 Lの原酒が得られた．それぞれの原酒はアルコール濃度25％となるように割り水して調整した後，720 mLの褐色ビンに充填した．香気成分の定量結果から，それぞれの芋焼酎は，対照とした市販3焼酎と比較すると，芋焼酎の特微香成分であるモノテルペンアルコール類の種類ならびに含有量が低かったが，市販3焼酎では検出されなかった，原料の橙系サツマイモ固有で，甘さを連想させる香気成分である，β-イオノンが含まれていた．それぞれの芋焼酎は22種類の香気成分の定量値を用いた因子分析および官能評価によって，特性分析を行い，それぞれ期待した通りの従来の芋焼酎とは異なる芳香特性をもつ製品であることが確認できた．

10.11301/jsfe.16.133

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Citations (1)