The most useful advantage of CO2 Laser scalpel is its hemostatic effect which may enable the dry field operation, therefore, comparison with electroscalpel is quite interesting, while their adverse effect of thermal damage against surrounding tissues cannot be ignored.We performed the comparative study of thermal damage of rat liver minovasculature after cutting with these two instruments by means of total replacement of blood with India ink.
In-vehicle head-up displays (HUDs) are now being marketed. Such a HUD is intended as an augmented reality (AR) display that provide a safe driving environment by showing information derived from vehicle sensor data. A laser HUD is optimal for an AR display because it can effectively call the information it displays to the driver's attention and displays a seamless image with a wide color gamut and high brightness contrast. We have developed a projection unit for an automotive laser HUD and have achieved high image quality and reliability, which were previously issues with laser projection units, by developing a new screen and two-axis micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror.
Abstract In realizing block polarity controlled 3B‐2T code transmission systems, suppression of burst error occurrence due to block polarity control for BSI is the most important problem. This system is more efficient then the conventional AMI code transmission and 4B‐3T code transmission systems. This paper describes a new polarity‐control method, PPC, which makes it possible to eliminate burst errors, and the 3B‐2T code transmission system construction using this method. The proposed polarity‐control burst error elimination is realized by precoding and decoding for polarity indicating signal sequence, and inserting dummy bit at the head of polarity‐control block. The characteristics of twenty‐four 3B‐2T code conversion rules and the four optimum 3B‐2T code conversion rules with average error extension rate 1.6 and average parity detection rate 1.0 are shown. Moreover, word synchronization at demodulation is achieved by detecting the ternary illegal word and its average synchronization detection digit length is shown to be 16. The optimum polarity control block length for an 800 Mbit/s coaxial PCM transmission system is determined to be 32 digits, considering SN degradation caused by waveform distortion due to low‐frequency‐cutoff, timing information disappearance and scapegoat bit insertion which are introduced to satisfy BSI condition.
The concept of combined Laser Therapy (C. L. T.) was primarily reported by Nimsakul N. and Ohshiro in 1979 at the 3rd Congress of International Society for Laser Surgery, and since then many cases have been done clinically with satisfactorily results.Laser machines in use are CO2, Argon, Ruby and Nd-YAG. Classification and indication of use in various procedures are presented, and further improvement on both soft-ware and hard-ware and discussed.
An optical polarisation control scheme utilising optical heterodyne detection for coherent transmission is proposed and demonstrated at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. It converts an arbitrary polarisation state to a linear state at a received optical power level of less than −70 dBm.
Benign skin tumors such as lentigo, verruca vulgaris, pyogenic granuloma, seborrheic keratosis and others at face are usually treated by excision with scalpel (cold knife) followed by direct closure or open treatment, electrosurgery, cryosurgery and local injection of bleomycin for warts etc. We have investigated the possibility of using CO2 laser for these benign skin tumors, and have obtained favorable results with minimal scarring, due to its hemostatic effect and vaporization of the tumor tissues. Details of the procedure together with the advantages and the disadvantages of CO2 laser therapy as compared with conventional methods will be discussed.
Abstract In the regenerative repeater in digital transmission, the low‐frequency component of the transmitted pulse is cut off by the coupling circuits at the input and the output. However, by applying the quantized feedback dc‐restoration circuit in the repeater the digital regenerative transmission with low dc‐balance transmission code can be achieved. In the quantized feedback system, the component lost in the low‐frequency cutoff characteristics of the transmission system is restored by feeding back the low‐frequency component of the pulse regenerated in the repeater to the decision circuit input. Because of this mechanism, however, an error propagation occurs where an error component is fed back to produce a distortion and to enlarge the error, when a decision error is produced in the repeater. This paper derives the state‐transition diagram which approximates the error propagation. By the analysis of the state‐transition diagram, the relation between the filter cutoff frequency and the error propagation characteristics is determined. Furthermore, it is shown by a simulation experiment that the result of the analysis is a good approximation to the error propagation. Based on these results, a design method is presented for the cutoff frequencies of the forward and the feedback low‐pass filters in the quantized feedback system.
Human error factors in communication network operation are classified into three levels based on a human problem solving model. It is shown that the most important factor in reducing human error is the appropriate display of action outcome. This display influences the errors in the forming-intention stage. Human reliability evaluation tests are carried out from the viewpoint of the outcome display method. Relationships between human errors and mental load are investigated. As a result, some principles concerning the amount of displayed outcome and methods of presenting the outcome are obtained. Moreover, the influence of information overload on human error is discussed.< >
Minimizing the occurrence of human error is an extremely important issue in communication network operation. This paper classifies human error factors in communication network operation into three levels based on a human problem solving model. Also, it is shown that the most important factor in reducing human error is the appropriate display of action outcome. This display influ- ences the errors in the forming intention stage. Human reliability evaluation tests are carried out from the view- point of outcome display method. Relationships between human errors and mental load are investigated. As a result, some principles about the amount of displayed outcome and methods of presenting the outcome are obtained. Moreover, the influence of information overload on human error is discussed.
