Legfontosabb kutatasi eredmenyeink: az eolikus uledekek es felszinek elterjedesenek es koranak meghatarozasa, megayardangok es plato helyzetű eolikus kepződmenyek leirasa, valamint a deflacio meghatarozo szerepenek kimutatasa a Dunantul mai domborzatanak, igy a zalai es somogyi un. meridionalis volgyrendszer kialakitasaban is. A szelmarta kőzetfelszinek kozmogen 10Be izotopos korat a melysegprofilok menti mintavetelezesi modszer alkalmazasaval sikerult meghataroznunk. Ezt a modszert korabban szelcsiszolta kőzetfelszineken meg nem alkalmaztak; elsőkent sikerult 1,5 millio eves szelcsiszolta sziklafelszint datalnunk Europaban. A Tapolcai- es Kali-medencek negyedidőszaki deflacios alacsonyodasi rataja 40-75 m/My volt, ugyanakkor a kipreparalodo kvarcittombok csupan 2-4 m-t pusztulnak evmillionkent. A kulonboző koru szelmarta felszineken mert szelkarc iranyok megfeleltek a mai ENy-ias szeliranynak. Ezzel igazoltuk az allandonak tekinthető uralkodo szeliranyt a negyedidőszak soran. Az OSL kormeghatarozassal 8-80 ezer eves uledekeket sikerult datalnunk a Vertes kornyezeteben. Az uledekanyag szemcseit a betemetődes előtt nem erte elegendő feny ahhoz, hogy a lumineszcens szignal teljesen lenullazodjon. Ezt valoszinűleg a rovid szallitasi tavolsag okozhatta. Ezzel magyarazhato, hogy a vizsgalt uledekek eseteben a geomorfologia es a korabbi koradatok tukreben tobbnyire a centralis OSL kor adja meg a betemetődes korat. | Our most important results are: determination of the distribution and age of aeolian landforms and sediments and description of megayardangs and aeolian formations in plateau position. We demonstrated that deflation played a definitive role in the formation of the topography of Transdanubia and in the development of the radial valley system of Zala and Somogy countries. Age and denudation rate of the wind-abraded rock surfaces was determined using in situ produced 10Be depth profiles. This was the first application of this method on wind-polished rock surfaces, and the first time when a 1.5 million years old wind-abraded surface was dated in Europe. Quaternary deflational surface lowering of the Tapolca and Kal Basins was 40-75 m/My, while denudation rate of the cemented quartzite rock surfaces was only 2-4 m/My. We proved long term stability of north-westerly winds by the measurement of the direction of wind striations rock surfaces of different age. OSL ages of aeolian sediments in the Vertes foreland were 8-80 ky old. The sediments were not exposed to sunlight for enough time to anneal completely the luminescence signal, most probably because of the short distance of transportation. This is the reason why the central OSL ages provide the age of sedimentation, considering the geomorphology and previous age data as well.
The use of thematic cartography in earth sciences is a frequent task for researchers when publishing. When creating a map, researchers intend to communicate important spatial information that enhances, supplements or replaces textual content. Not only visual but substantial requirements exist for those who create maps. Cartographic visualisation has several well-established rules that must be taken into account during compilation, but not all researchers apply them correctly. The present study aims to identify the factors determining the quality of geoscientific maps and what needs to be improved during a map compilation process. To get to know the tendencies, we have investigated maps in designated journals – one Hungarian and one international per earth science branch: geography, cartography, geology, geophysics, and meteorology. A system of criteria was set up for evaluating the maps objectively; basic rules of cartography, quality of visual representation, and copyright rules were investigated. The results show that better map quality is connected to journals with strict editorial rules and higher impact factors. This assessment method is suitable for analysing any kind of spatial visual representation, and individual map-composing authors can use it for evaluating their maps before submission and publication.
<p>It may seem strange, but the next generation of geological maps could be produced not for geologists, but for the non-expert public! In Hungary, as in most countries, geological maps were created to help find economically important raw materials. However, updates of outdated maps are becoming increasingly rare. Nowadays, exploration geologists do not even usually produce edited maps, as experts obtain information directly from models. With the changing methods, geologists are struggling to find the proper readership for geological maps.</p><p>At the same time, a new trend is beginning to unfold, which means a whole new group of people interested in geology. Mining has left behind plenty of well-explored geological sites in many regions that attract the attention of non-experts, simply because they are beautiful and interesting! These geosites, together with the natural attractions of geomorphology, are being exploited by a new branch of tourism: geotourism. The presentation of the most spectacular geosites for tourism and the linking of geology with natural and cultural heritage has led to the emergence of geoparks, which operate under the auspices of UNESCO since 2001.</p><p>Geotourists are typically not scientists, and although maps are the most effective way to guide them to geosites, specialized maps are too complicated for them. By reducing the thematic details and increasing the tourism content we can create a geotourist map for them. The genre of geo-hiking map is the most appropriate form of geotourist maps if outdoor activity is involved. These are hiking maps with simplified geological themes to assist individuals and guided walks. The genre appeared in Hungary as early as 1939, but for a very long time, until 2002, no similar map was produced [1, 2]. Subsequently, geotour atlases and hiking maps were published, indicating the genre&#8217;s advance [3]. Since the establishment of Hungary's first geopark in 2010, geotour guides have been trained and the demand for map visualization is growing. In addition to guided walks, individual hikers interested in geosites are increasingly common, tracked by interactive query sheets at some of the most popular sites on the Balaton Uplands [4].</p><p>Geotourism creates a market for maps and outlines possible ways of using geological maps in the form of geotourism maps. Geotourism, rather than mining, could be the new sector that creates the need for geological mapping, and since geoparks are not only about protecting geological heritage but also about providing education and activating local businesses, this could be more in line with UNESCO SDGs.</p><p>[1] Albert, G., Heged&#369;s, &#193;. (2021): A geological hiking map curiosity from 1939, Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-2-2021.</p><p>[2] Albert, G. (2004): Geoscientific results in &#8220;tangible&#8221; format: the geotourist map. Geod&#233;zia &#233;s kartogr&#225;fia, 51(7), 27-30.</p><p>[3] Albert, G. (2019): The changing use-cases of medium and large-scale geological maps in Hungary, Proc. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 2, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-4-2019.</p><p>[4] P&#225;l, M., Albert, G. (2021): Examining the Spatial Variability of Geosite Assessment and Its Relevance in Geosite Management. Geoheritage 13, 8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-020-00528-6</p>
Abstract Geological and scenic values of locations are the non-living curiosities that can be preserved and popularized a lot easier using the institutional background of geotourism, such as geoparks. UNESCO Global Geoparks Network is responsible for protecting and fostering natural, scenic and cultural values and especially geosites that are the exciting visible physical elements. Our goal was to quantify the geotourism potential around Csopak, a scenic village in the Balaton Uplands giving home for the headquarter of the Bakony-Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark. After designating 216 potential geosites using topographic and geological maps, we applied two assessment models: the Geosite Assessment Model (GAM) and the Modified Geosite Assessment Model (M-GAM). GAM has been applied with good results in Hungary on different areas, but M-GAM has not been used before. As M-GAM involves tourists into the process counting with their opinion, it may give a more realistic view of the geosites. The two methods produced different but comparable final values of geotourism potential counted from the Main Value and Additional Value scores. We discovered that the proportion of the difference of these values carries major information. The ratio of ΔAV/ΔMV used as linear functions and depicted on diagrams can derive which values are more important for the visitors. From this result we can draw conclusions about the future development trends: scientific or infrastructural values should be more effectively fostered. Using our results, geosites can be handled and developed as visitors expect it.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
<p>Geotourism is a relatively new sector in tourism, in which visitors are offered earth scientific knowledge when visiting spectacular locations (geosites or geotopes) and participating in various organized activities there. Areas and sites with high geological-geomorphological relevance are usually managed by national parks, geoparks or other types of nature reserves. For this reason, research into the assessment of these sites serves not only the purposes of geoscience but also those of these organisations and, through them, tourism.</p><p>The aim of our research was to carry out a quantitative geotourism assessment in the NW part of the Gerecse Mts, Hungary, on an area of 180 km<sup>2</sup>. As this type of assessment determining geotourism potential has not been made here before, the Gerecse Mountains are still undiscovered in terms of quantitative geotourism values. However, this area has great geodiversity due to its earth scientific richness (its various and spectacular geosites are mainly from the Mesozoic, but Eocene, Miocene and Quaternary sediments are also present). It has strong connections to culture and human activities: it is an important source of building stones since Roman times.</p><p>We used analogue geological and topographic maps, publications, and databases to identify potential geosites. The selected sites were ranked based on their types (e.g., cliff, quarry, break of slope) and distance from trails. They were visited on site &#8211; omitting the least important ones based on the preliminary categorization. Following the fieldwork, the potential geosites were evaluated based on quantitative assessment models that have been used in Hungary several times. We applied the Geosite Assessment Model (GAM, Vuji&#269;i&#263; et al., 2011) and the Modified Geosite Assessment Model (M-GAM, Tomi&#269; & Bo&#382;i&#263;, 2014). Among objective aspects, the latter involves tourists (from other studies) into the evaluation process, thus giving a more realistic image of the geotourism potential of the given geosite. The final score of an object is built up by scientific, infrastructural and this visitor-based values. In the end of the work, each geosite got an analysis on its improvable characteristics, and a group of them were selected as suitable for later geotourism activities and development.</p><p>The results (more than 100 evaluated geotopes) contribute to the geosite cadastral of the Gerecse Mts &#8211; providing useful data for the management body &#8211; the Duna-Ipoly National Park Diretorate. Suitable protection and tourism activity measures of local earth science values can be planned using our results &#8211; these two factors are the base of a good balance between nature and society.</p><p>EH is supported by the &#218;NKP-21-2 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>Tomi&#263;, N., & Bo&#382;i&#263;, S. (2014). A modified Geosite Assessment Model (M-GAM) and its Application on the Lazar Canyon area (Serbia). International Journal of Environmental Research, 8(4), 1041-1052.</p><p>Vuji&#269;i&#263;, M., Vasiljevi&#263;, D., Markovi&#263;, S., Hose, T., Luki&#263;, T., Had&#382;i&#263;, O., & Jani&#263;evi&#263;, S. (2011). Preliminary geosite assessment model (GAM) and its application on Fru&#353;ka Gora Mountain, potential geotourism destination of Serbia. Acta Geographica Slovenica, 51(2), 361-377.</p>
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
