Lean production is one of the initiatives that are applied by many manufacturers to obtain the competitive advantages in the increasingly competitive global market. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is one of the key lean tools to identify the opportunities for other lean approaches and for waste elimination in the production system. Since the performance of the supply chain would significantly influence that of individual partners, the implementation of lean thinking should also extend beyond the boundary of the manufacturing plant to the whole value chain. This paper introduces the VSM and the extended VSM used for description, analysis and identification of improvement initiatives internally and externally in the context of a footwear manufacturing enterprise. It can be seen from the analysis of the "initial state", "current state" and "future state" VSM that the inventory and other non-value added activities within the manufacturing plant can be reduced by the launch of lean initiatives internally. However, the market responsiveness and competitiveness would not be enhanced substantially unless the extended VSM is taken into the implementation of lean.
The phenomenon of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has been incredibly increasing, especially in Asian countries. Prior studies have argued that negative emotion is linked to PMPU. Based on the cognitive‐behavioural model of pathological Internet use and the buffering model of social support, our purpose is to identify the nuanced mediators of the rumination subtypes (i.e., reflection and brooding) and examine the moderator of social support in the relation between negative emotion and PMPU. A sample of 1,014 college students was recruited to complete the scales of PMPU, depression, anxiety, rumination (i.e., reflection and brooding), and social support. Results showed that (a) reflection did not mediate a link between negative emotion and PMPU whereas brooding partially mediated the link, and (b) both the direct association between negative emotion and PMPU and the mediated effect of brooding were moderated by social support, and they were stronger when social support was low rather than high. The study distinguishes the mediated effect of rumination subtypes and incorporates social factor in the relationship between negative emotion and PMPU, which deepens our understanding of how and when negative emotion relates to PMPU.
The research in this article puts forward improvements against the flaws of WBY210 road agitators, betters their technical performance and increases their working efficiency. It's the redevelopment and reapplication of the old equipment.
The Fe 3 Cr 2 CoNiAl x (x = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2) multi-principal elements alloys were prepared, and the microstructure and mechanical behaviors were investigated. The crystal structure changed from a dual-phase structure of face-centered-cubic (FCC) and body-centered-cubic (BCC) structure to a single BCC structure with the increasing of Al content. By controlling the addition of Al element, the crystalline structure composed of two ordered BCC phases, (1) the primary B2 (P-B2) precipitates with a mean length of 200-300 nm, (2) the secondary B2 (S-B2) precipitates with a mean diameter of 20-50 nm. The compression tests indicated that the Fe 3 Cr 2 CoNiAl 1.2 alloy demonstrated excellent compression properties, whose yield strength and fracture strain is 1464 MPa and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanism has been discussed, providing a useful guidance for the future development of BCC-based multi-principal elements alloys with excellent properties.