Jill M. Schroeder‐Diedrich

The Ohio State University

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Thomas J. Byers

University of Bath

Paul A. Fuerst

The Ohio State University

Diane R. Stothard

Eli Lilly (United States)

Janine T. Bryan

United States Military Academy

Salvador Rodrı́guez-Zaragoza

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

John Hay

University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Rebecca J. Gast

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Kenneth H. Fife

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis

D.V. Seal

University of Strathclyde

Gregory C. Booton

The Ohio State University

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The Ohio State University

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis

Indiana University School of Medicine

University of Washington

University of Georgia

Indiana University

University of Illinois Chicago

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Danish Cancer Society

Institute of Ophthalmology

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Acanthamoeba Strains Isolated from Organs of Freshwater Fishes

Journal of Parasitology (1999)

Iva Dyková J. Lom Jill M. Schroeder‐Diedrich Gregory C. Booton Thomas J. Byers

Contrary to data on Acanthamoeba infections in humans, little is known about infections in fishes. The present study combines the description of strains isolated from fishes with presentation of an improved method for subgeneric classification. Acanthamoeba spp. were isolated aseptically from tissues of 14 (1.7%) of 833 asymptomatic fishes collected in rivers and streams in the Czech Republic. Acanthamoebae successfully cloned from 10 of the 14 isolated strains were examined here. Morphology of these isolates was evaluated using light optics plus scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cyst morphology, which varied extensively within and among clones, was most like morphological group II, but species-level classification was considered impossible. A distance analysis based on 442 bases in an 18S rDNA polymerase chain reaction fragment of about 460 bp placed the isolates in a clade composed of sequence types T3, T4, and T11, the 3 subdivisions of morphological group II. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using oligonucleotide probes indicated that all isolates belong to a single subdivision of group II, the T4 sequence type. It has been concluded that the fish isolates are most closely related to strains commonly isolated from human infections, especially Acanthamoeba keratitis. The shorter diagnostic fragment sequences have proved nearly as useful as complete 18S rDNA sequences for identification of Acanthamoeba isolates.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

10.2307/3285675

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The Evolutionary History of the Genus Acanthamoeba and the Identification of Eight New 18S rRNA Gene Sequence Types

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (1998)

Diane R. Stothard Jill M. Schroeder‐Diedrich Mohammad Awwad Rebecca J. Gast Dolena R. Ledee

ABSTRACT The 18S rRNA gene ( Rns ) phylogeny of Acanthamoeba is being investigated as a basis for improvements in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus. We previously analyzed Rns sequences from 18 isolates from morphological groups 2 and 3 and found that they fell into four distinct evolutionary lineages we called sequence types T1‐T4. Here, we analyzed sequences from 53 isolates representing 16 species and including 35 new strains. Eight additional lineages (sequence types T5‐T12) were identified. Four of the 12 sequence types included strains from more than one nominal species. Thus, sequence types could be equated with species in some cases or with complexes of closely related species in others. The largest complex, sequence type T4, which contained six closely related nominal species, included 24 of 25 keratitis isolates. Rns sequence variation was insufficient for full phylogenetic resolution of branching orders within this complex, but the mixing of species observed at terminal nodes confirmed that traditional classification of isolates has been inconsistent. One solution to this problem would be to equate sequence types and single species. Alternatively, additional molecular information will be required to reliably differentiate species within the complexes. Three sequence types of morphological group 1 species represented the earliest divergence in the history of the genus and, based on their genetic distinctiveness, are candidates for reclassification as one or more novel genera.

Sequence (biology)

10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb05068.x

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Group-I introns with unusual sequences occur at three sites in nuclear 18S rRNA genes of Acanthamoeba lenticulata

Current Genetics (1998)

Jill M. Schroeder‐Diedrich Paul A. Fuerst Thomas J. Byers

10.1007/s002940050368

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Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probes for Clinical and Environmental Detection of Acanthamoeba and the T4 18S rRNA Gene Sequence Type

Journal of Clinical Microbiology (1999)

Diane R. Stothard John Hay Jill M. Schroeder‐Diedrich D.V. Seal Thomas J. Byers

ABSTRACT The first genus- and subgenus-specific fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for in situ staining of Acanthamoeba are described. Sequences of these phylogeny-based probes complement the 18S rRNA and the gene encoding it (18S rDNA). The genus-specific probe (GSP) is a fluorescein-labeled 22-mer specific for Acanthamoeba as shown here by its hybridization to growing trophozoites of all 12 known Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA sequence types and by its failure to hybridize with amoebae of two other genera ( Hartmannella vermiformis and Balamuthia mandrillaris ), two human cell lines, and two bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ). The sequence type T4-specific probe (ST4P) is a rhodamine-labeled 30-mer specific for Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA sequence type T4, as shown here in hybridization tests with trophozoites of all 12 sequence types. T4 is the subgenus group associated most closely with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). GSP also was tested with corneal scrapings from 17 patients with a high index of clinical suspicion of AK plus 5 patient controls. GSP stained both trophozoites and cysts, although nonspecific cyst wall autofluorescence also was observed. Results could be obtained with GSP in 1 to 2 days, and based on results from cell culture tests, the probe correctly detected the presence or absence of Acanthamoeba in 21 of 24 specimens from the 22 patients. The use of GSP with cultured trophozoites and cysts from corneal scrapings has illustrated the suitability of using fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for identification of the genus Acanthamoeba in both environmental and clinical samples. In addition, the use of ST4P with cultured amoebae has indicated the potential of oligonucleotide probes for use in subgenus classification.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

10.1128/jcm.37.8.2687-2693.1999

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A Human Papillomavirus Related to Human Papillomavirus MM7/LVX82 Produces Distinct Histological Abnormalities in Human Foreskin Implants Grown as Athymic Mouse Xenografts

Virology (1998)

Darron R. Brown Tracy L. McClowry Janine T. Bryan Mark H. Stoler Jill M. Schroeder‐Diedrich

Foreskin

Koilocyte

Bovine papillomavirus

Papillomaviridae

10.1006/viro.1998.9294

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Citations (16)