Neutron radiographic methods are suitable for obtaining images of water distribution in intact plants. When a neutron beam irradiates a plant sample, the number of neutrons penetrating the sample decreases with the number of hydrogen atoms in the sample. Generally, plants contain more than 80% water, so a neutron image of a plant is approximately equivalent to its water distribution. In this study, the senescence of cut carnation flowers was observed using thermal neutron (TN) radiography and very cold neutron (VCN) radiography. A CCD-cooled camera intermittently photographed neutron images during neutron irradiation. To evaluate the advancement of senescence, carbon dioxide production from a flower placed in a gas-tight container was measured using a CO2 gas sensor. The gas-tight container had aluminum windows to allow better penetration of the neutron beam, and the sample was placed behind that window. Exogenous ethylene was added in order to force senescence. A highly parallel TN beam provided high-resolution neutron images, and detailed images of the carnation ovary were obtained. VCN neutron images provided high-contrast images of water content due to the low energy of the neutron beam. From the neutron images obtained, petal wilting and dehydration, and shrinkage of the whole flower were observed. The decrease in water rate was calculated from the part of the sample in which the petal density was high. The change in the water rate corresponded with the change in respiration rate (climacteric).
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly referred to as the cotton leafworm, is a widespread herbivorous pest found in both tropical and temperate regions. We isolated a novel bacterium,
3차원 구조광 스캐너를 이용하여 비파괴적, 비접촉적으로 식물 잎 면적을 측정하는 방법을 고안하고자 하였다. 3차원 구조광 스캐너를 이용하여 측정한 콩의 잎 면적은 엽면적 측정기로 측정한 잎 면적과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 콩의 V1~V4까지의 각 생장단계마다 3차원 스캔 이미지를 이용하여 측정한 잎 면적은 지상부를 수확한 후 측정한 생중량 분석 결과와 매우 높은 상관관계( $R^2=0.98$ )를 나타내었다. 가뭄 및 염분 스트레스 환경에서 3차원 스캐너를 이용하여 시간에 따른 콩의 생장의 변화를 비교한 결과, 대조구의 식물체 잎 면적은 시간이 경과될수록 증가한 반면 가뭄 및 염분처리구의 식물체 잎 면적은 처리 12일과 14일 후 각각 감소하여 처리구 간 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 3차원 스캐너를 이용하여 다양한 환경에서 식물체의 잎 면적과 생체량을 효과적으로 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 【We have developed a non-destructive, touch-free method for estimating leaf areas with a structured-light three-dimensional (3D) scanner. When the surfaces of soybean leaves were analyzed with both the 3D scanner and a leaf area meter, the results were linearly related ( $R^2=0.90$ ). The strong correlation ( $R^2=0.98$ ) was calculated between shoot fresh weights and leaf areas when the scanner was employed during growth stages V1 to V4. We also found that leaf areas measured by the scanner could be used to detect changes in growth responses to abiotic stress. Whereas under control conditions the areas increased over time, salt and drought treatments were associated with reductions in those values after 14 d and 12 d, respectively. Based on our findings, we propose that a structured-light 3D scanner can be used to obtain reliable estimates of leaf area and plant biomass.】
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