In 2009, the first National Population-based Cancer Registry (NCR) was established in Sudan. We report in this study, the first data from the NCR for Khartoum State for the period 2009-2010. The NCR staff used passive and active approaches to collect data on cancer diagnosed by all means in Khartoum State. Rates were age standardized to the 2010 Sudan Standard Population and 1966 and 2000 World Standard Population and expressed per 100,000 populations. During 2009-2010, 6771 new cancer cases were registered. Of those, 3646 (53.8%) cases were in women and 3125 (46.2%) were in men. The most commonly diagnosed cancer among women was breast followed by leukemia, cervix, and ovary, and among men it was prostate cancer followed by leukemia, lymphoma, oral, colorectal, and liver. In children less than 15 years of age, leukemia was the most common cancer followed lymphoma, and cancer of the eye, bone, kidney, and the brain. The overall age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 population was higher in women (124.3) than in men (90.8) using 2010 Sudan Standard Population. Similarly, it was higher in women (188.6 and 206.3 per 100,000 population) than in men (145.4 and 160.0 per 100,000 population) using 1966 and 2000 World Standard Population, respectively. The data from NCR indicated that prostate and breast as the most commonly diagnosed cancer sites in men and women in Khartoum, while cancer of the cervix trailed behind portraying a cancer picture similar to that of the developed world. Despite the study limitations, the NCR data gave a fair representation of cancer profile of Khartoum State and underscored the need for high-quality cancer registries in Sudan.
Breast Cancer is the commonest cancer in Sudanese women, prevalence at the Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum, RICK, the main Oncology center in Sudan, ranged between 29 and 34.5% since the establishment of the center in 1967. Age range between 16—79 years, with 3 peaks of age at 31-40, 41- 50 and 51-60, the mean age is 47 years, similar to what is reported from the Arab world and 10 years less than the mean age in the west. Most patients present with advanced stage ,due to a number of factors : lack of a awareness ,poverty ,illiteracy ,poor distribution of the limited medical resources and the negative role of traditional healers .Between 1967 and 2010 : Stage 1 = 5 – 13 % , stage 2 =7 – 17 %,stage 3, 34 -45%,and stage 4 = 15 – 25%,during the period between 2011 – 2014 , the stage distribution was better, stage 1= 17%,stge 2= 14%,stage 3 = 49% . Receptors assay are not done for some patients mainly due to the cost. Other challenges include ,lack of awareness about cancer among the public, survives results showed that about 5% of women in North Sudan and 15 % in Eastern Sudan don’t know anything about breast cancer ,let alone its early detection methods, only one in one thousand females practice monthly Breast Self-Examination, much less than that heard about mammography. There is also lack of knowledge about early detection methods among medicals and para medicals. The higher prevalence of breast cancer during pregnancy was also noted, and the higher prevellence of male breast cancers 3% of all breast cancers compared to the west. Lack of effective health education, training of health personnel and screening, and the long waiting list for radiotherapy and the cost of targeted therapy are main challenges
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