Abstract While each the ESR hyperfine coupling constants (hfc’s) for the aromatic protons of the anion radical derived from 5,10-dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene (2−·) is similar to that of the corresponding protons of the cation radical of the same compound (2+·) as well as of the radical ions of (E)-stilbene (1−· and 1+·), the methylene protons of 2−· shows an unusually large hfc value, which is much larger than that of 2+·. This is interpreted in terms of the so-called “Whiffen Effect.”
China is beset by environmental problems. This study focused on addressing China's environmental problems by using a language grid to provide a Japanese environmental education program, "manufacturing soap from waste oil," to Chinese students at home and evaluating their practice. The teaching and work experiments comprised observations of the knowledge-transfer process under a multilingual environment and the students 'work during experimental activities, respectively. The results show that a better training effect was obtained by the family groups who performed both teaching and work experiments than by the student groups who performed the teaching experiment only.
In the 5G (fifth-generation mobile communications) and Internet of Things era, trends such as work on social infrastructure services, the explosive increase in the number of terminals and the amount of network traffic, and the use of artificial intelligence for smart devices and services will have a huge impact on networks, thereby increasing the need for new network architectures.This article analyzes the impact of these trends, examines network requirements, and introduces initiatives to develop the necessary architectures and key technological elements verified by proof of concept.
Abstract The ultraviolet absorption spectra of some α- and α, α′-substituted stilbenes have been analyzed, and the most probable spatial configurations of these compounds have been inferred from the spectra by application of the calculation method described in the earlier part of this series. It is especially noteworthy that with α, α′-dimethylstilbene as well as its diethyl analogue the trans isomer shows the conjugation band at a shorter wavelength than the cis isomer, contrary to the generally accepted view that trans isomers of conjugated compounds should exhibit the conjugation bands at a longer wavelength than the corresponding cis isomers. This fact is considered to indicate that with these compounds the trans isomers are less conjugated than the corresponding cis isomers, and that the angle of twist of the “single” bond (interplanar angle) is larger in the trans isomers than in the corresponding cis isomers. This has been confirmed by the results of the calculations. Further, this is supported also by some pieces of information on the properties of these compounds, such as the reactivities, the exaltation of molecular refraction, and the nuclear magnetic resonance. With special emphasis on this respect, the correlation of some physical and chemical properties of these compounds with the spatial configurations of the molecules has been discussed in detail.
Attempts were made to develop a test battery for screenings of speech and voice disorders among school children and to apply it to school children in Itabashi-ku, Tokyo. The test battery consisted of three tests for detecting articulation disorders and adiadockokinesis of articulators as well as four check items for detecting hearing probles, retarded development of language, voice disorders, fluency disorders and other speech disorders due to neurological problems.2, 011 children (group 1) were tested by twelve school doctors (otolaryngologists) at the physical examination prior to entering school, and 1, 698 school children in the first grade (group 2) were tested by ten otolaryngologists at the regular physical examination. Sigmatismus and Zetazismus were found in 5.3% of children if the group 1 and in 8.1% of children of the group 2. Adiadockokinesis of articulators were observed in 6.2% of children of the group 1 and 6.5% of children of the group 2. Voice disorders and stuttering were found in 1.0% and 0.6% of children of the group 1, and in 2.2% and 0.6% of children of the group 2, respectively. It took 40 to 50 seconds per child, and it was thought that this was somewhat long for the examiners.Through these experiences the following conclusions were directed:1) The results are influenced by examiner's auditor acuity as well as knowledges of speech and voice disorders.2) Our test battery must be more simplified for a practical use.
To identify the risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in real-world practice for symptomatic peripheral artery disease in Japan.Data on Japanese patients (N = 880) from the Observational Prospective Multicenter Registry Study on Outcomes of Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients Treated by Angioplasty Therapy for Aortoiliac Artery who underwent de novo aortoiliac stent placement. The 3-year risk of incident MACEs was investigated.The median age of the patients was 72.6 years (range, 34-97 years), and 83.1% of the patients were men. The patients had the following conditions: smoking (35.6%), hypertension (94.1%), dyslipidemia (81.7%), diabetes (48.0%), renal failure on dialysis (12.6%), myocardial infarction (12.7%), stroke (15.8%), and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (7.1%). Femoropopliteal lesions were present in 38.8% of the limbs with aortoiliac lesions. The 3-year rate of freedom from MACEs was 89.1%. Baseline characteristics, such as age, renal failure on dialysis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and femoropopliteal lesions, were independently associated with the risk of incident MACEs. When the study population was stratified according to these risk factors, the rate of MACEs was highest in patients with at least 3 risk factors (32.9% at 3 years).The 3-year rate of freedom from MACEs was reported. Baseline characteristics, such as age, renal failure on dialysis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and femoropopliteal lesions, are independent risk factors for MACEs after aortoiliac stent placement.
Haemophilia A is the most common X-linked blood coagulation disorder; it is caused by deficiency of factor VIII activity (FVIII:C). Half of the affected patients do not have detectable levels of FVIII protein in their plasma, whereas about 5% have normal levels of the FVIII antigen (FVIII:Ag) (> 50 u/dl), and are called cross-reacting material (CRM) positive (CRM+ or A+). About 45% of patients have reduced levels of the FVIII:Ag (1-50 u/dl), classified as CRM reduced (CRM[R] or A[R]). We screened the FVIII gene of 13 Japanese patients (five CRM+ and eight CRM[R]) by single-strand conformation polymorphism, and identified 11 different mutations in 13 patients by analysing all 26 exons (Trp255Cys, Tyr473Cys, Gly479Arg, Arg531His, Thr667Arg, Arg1689Cys, Arg1941Gln, Arg2150His, Arg2159Cys, Thr2245Ala and Gly2285Val). Seven mutations were identified in the A domains (four in the A2 domain). All the mutations are point mutations resulting in missense codons. Four mutations (Trp255Cys, Thr667Arg, Thr2245Ala and Gly2285Val) have not been described previously.
