Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

University of Queensland

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Gulshan Mahajan

ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture

David E. Johnson

Seascape Consultants (United Kingdom)

Ali Ahsan Bajwa

Agriculture and Food

Singarayer Florentine

Federation University

Sudheesh Manalil

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Hafiz Haider Ali

Government College University, Lahore

Khawar Jabran

Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi

Steve W. Adkins

Agriculture and Food

Tahir Hussain Awan

Rice Research Institute

Gurjeet Gill

University of Adelaide

Cooperative Institutions

Agriculture and Food

University of Queensland

University of Agriculture Faisalabad

International Rice Research Institute

ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture

Punjab Agricultural University

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

Federation University

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Strategies for Boosting Rice Yield in the Face of Climate Change in India

Rice Research Open Access (2013)

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan Gulshan Mahajan

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple crop in Asia, including India. During the era of the Green Revolution, the rate of growth in rice production was higher than the population growth and thus production was in the surplus. But now, with climate change, production and productivity gains of rice are a question mark. Rice contributes to global climate change through the emission of greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, which are responsible for global warming, and, in turn, suffers the consequences of climate change. To cope with the anticipated impact of this change, mitigation and adaptation strategies need to be evaluated. Mitigation of the causal factors and adaptation of the crop to changing climate are two broad strategies to restrain and cope with the changing climate; mitigation strategies aim at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, whereas the adaptation strategies aims at enabling the plant to perform optimally under adverse climatic conditions through cultural and genetic approaches.

10.4172/2375-4338.1000105

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Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia

Weed Science (2006)

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan Gurjeet Gill Christopher Preston

Annual sowthistle has become more abundant under no-till systems in southern Australia. Increased knowledge of germination biology of annual sowthistle would facilitate development of effective weed control programs. The effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of annual sowthistle seeds were examined in laboratory and field experiments. Seeds of annual sowthistle were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (25/15, 20/12, and 15/9 C day/night temperatures). Seed germination was favored by light; however, some germination occurred in the dark as well. Greater than 90% of seeds germinated at a low level of salinity (40 mM NaCl), and some seeds germinated even at 160 mM NaCl (7.5%). Germination decreased from 95% to 11% as osmotic potential increased from 0 to −0.6 MPa and was completely inhibited at osmotic potential greater than −0.6 MPa. Seed germination was greater than 90% over a pH range of 5 to 8, but declined to 77% at pH 10. Seedling emergence was the greatest (77%) for seeds present on the soil surface but declined with depth, and no seedlings emerged from a soil depth of 5 cm. In another experiment in which seeds were after-ripened at different depths in a field, seed decay was greater on the soil surface than at 2 or 5 cm depth. At the end of the growing season, there was a much greater persistence of buried seed (32 to 42%) than seeds present on the soil surface (8%). Greater persistence of buried seed could be due to dormancy enforced by dark in this species.

Growing season

Soil seed bank

10.1614/ws-06-047r.1

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Citations (127)

Effects of water regime, nitrogen fertilization, and rice plant density on growth and reproduction of lowland weed Echinochloa crus-galli.pdf

Harvard Dataverse (2014)

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

Echinochloa crus-galli

10.7910/dvn/24108/fckyj3

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A brief review of our knowledge of monogenetic trématodes of the Indian region.

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan J. Dayal K. S. Singh

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Comparison of photoperiod-sensitive and photoperiod-insensitive basmati cultivars for grain yield, water productivity, and quality traits under varied transplanting dates in Northwest India

Crop and Pasture Science (2015)

Gulshan Mahajan Neerja Sharma Rupinder Kaur Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

In order to increase yield and water productivity, arrest the mining of groundwater, and achieve quality production in Northwest India, there is a need to optimise the transplanting time for newly evolved, high-yielding basmati cultivars. This study in the Indian Punjab was aimed at investigating the effect of date of transplanting (5, 15, and 25 July) on yield, quality traits, and water productivity of four basmati rice cultivars (Pusa Basmati 1121, Pusa Basmati1509, Punjab Basmati 3, and Basmati 386) varying in photoperiod sensitivity. Water productivity of Pusa Basmati1509 was higher than of photoperiod-sensitive cultivars (Punjab Basmati 386 and Punjab Basmati 3) for each transplanting date. Water productivity [irrigation, WPI; total (irrigation + rainfall), WPI+R; and real crop, WPET] of Punjab Basmati 3 for the 25 July transplanting was similar to Pusa Basmati 1509 for the 5 July transplanting. For the 25 July transplanting, WPI, WPI+R, and WPET of Pusa Basmati 1509 increased by 48.9%, 35.2%, and 22.5%, respectively, relative to Pusa Basmati 1121; by 34%, 31.4%, and 27.5% relative to Punjab Basmati 3; and by 81.1%, 70.4%, and 56% relative to Basmati 386. The study showed that delaying transplanting of photoperiod-sensitive and short-duration, photoperiod-insensitive basmati cultivars helped to improve water productivity and quality traits, particularly the head rice recovery (%), kernel length after cooking, and amylose content.

Transplanting

Pusa

Aromatic rice

10.1071/cp14297

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Seed Germination Ecology of Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis)

Weed Science (2011)

G. Bolfrey-Arku Bhagirath Singh Chauhan David E. Johnson

Itchgrass is a weed of many crops throughout the tropics and one of the most important grass weeds of rainfed rice. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to determine the effects of light, alternating day/night temperatures, high temperature pretreatment, water stress, seed burial depth, and rice residue on seed germination and seedling emergence of itchgrass in the Philippines. Two populations were evaluated and the results were consistent for both populations. Germination in the light/dark regime was greater at alternating day/night temperatures of 25/15 C than at 35/25, 30/20, or 20/10 C. Light was not a requirement for germination, but a light/dark regime increased germination by 96%, across temperature and population. A 5-min high temperature pretreatment for 50% inhibition of maximum itchgrass germination ranged from 145 to 151 C with no germination when seeds were exposed to ≥ 180 C. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination was −0.6 MPa for itchgrass, although some seeds germinated at −0.8 MPa. Seedling emergence was greatest for seeds placed on the soil surface, and emergence declined with increasing soil burial depth; no seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 10 cm. The addition of rice residue to soil surface in pots at rates equivalent to 4 to 6 Mg ha −1 reduced itchgrass seedling emergence. Since seedling emergence was greatest at shallow depths and germination was stimulated by light, itchgrass may become a problem in systems where soil is cultivated at shallow depths. Knowledge gained in this study could contribute to developing components of integrated weed management strategies for itchgrass.

10.1614/ws-d-10-00095.1

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Is Australia ready for triple gene herbicide stack technology

Sudheesh Manalil Jeff Werth Rod Jackson James Hereward David Thornby

Integration of multiple herbicide-resistant genes (trait stacking) into crop plants would allow over the top application of herbicides that are otherwise fatal to crops. The US has just approved Bollgard II® XtendFlex™ cotton which has dicamba, glyphosate and glufosinate resistance traits stacked. The pace of glyphosate resistance evolution is expected to be slowed by this technology. In addition, over the top application of two more herbicides may help to manage hard to kill weeds in cotton such as flax leaf fleabane and milk thistle. However, there are some issues that need to be considered prior to the adoption of this technology. Wherever herbicide tolerant technology is adopted, volunteer crops can emerge as a weed problem, as can herbicide resistant weeds. For cotton, seed movement is the most likely way for resistant traits to move around. Management of multiple stack volunteers may add additional complexity to volunteer management in cotton fields and along roadsides. This paper attempts to evaluate the pros and cons of trait stacking technology by analysing the available literature in other crop growing regions across the world. The efficacy of dicamba and glufosinate on common weeds of the Australian cotton system, herbicide resistance evolution, synergy and antagonisms due to herbicide mixtures, drift hazards and the evolution of herbicide resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba were analysed based on the available literature.

Glufosinate

Dicamba

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Unraveling the influence of environmental factors on fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) germination and its management implications

Invasive Plant Science and Management (2024)

Virender Singh Hooda Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

Abstract Fireweed ( Senecio madagascariensis Poir.) has invaded and colonized numerous habitats in the coastal areas of southeastern Australia and is a major weed in cultivated lands as well as in poorly grassed, neglected, and highly grazed pastures. To examine the seed germination ecology of two populations (Felton and Gatton) of S. madagascariensis , experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screen house. The germination of both populations increased as the alternating temperatures increased from the coolest temperatures (15/5 C) to warmer temperatures (25/15 C). However, the highest temperature regime (35/25 C) resulted in the lowest germination rates. The Gatton population exhibited greater tolerance to higher temperatures, resulting in significantly higher germination (2.4 times) than the Felton population at the highest alternating temperature of 35/25 C. Compared with the Felton population, the Gatton population demonstrated higher tolerance to salt and water stress. In comparison to alternating light and dark periods (12 h each) (97% to 98%), the germination of both populations of S. madagascariensis was significantly reduced under complete darkness (24 h) (33% to 39%). A screen house seed burial depth experiment revealed similar emergence of S. madagascariensis seedlings between the populations. The maximum emergence (60%) was observed for seeds placed at the soil surface, followed by a dramatic decline in seedling emergence with an increase in depth. No seedlings emerged from a burial depth of 4 cm. With the addition of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop residue to the soil surface at rates comparable to 4,000 to 8,000 kg ha −1 , seedling emergence of S. madagascariensis decreased significantly. Information acquired from this study could be utilized to manage and develop effective weed management strategies for controlling S. madagascariensis in different agroecological conditions.

10.1017/inp.2024.8

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Weed management using crop competition in the United States: A review

Crop Protection (2016)

Prashant Jha Vipan Kumar Rakesh K. Godara Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

Cropping system

10.1016/j.cropro.2016.06.021

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Citations (80)

Management of complex weed flora in dry-seeded rice

Crop Protection (2016)