Objective To study the effect of morphine used in epidural anesthesia on puerpera after cesarean section and the safety of morphine to neonate. Method One hundred puerpera undergone cesarean section were randomly divided into test group and control group with continuous 2% lidocaine epidural anesthesia, as soon as the operation were finished, 2 mg morphine was injected into vacum epidurale for test group, nothing for control group. Colostrum and plasma, urine samples of puerpera and neonate were collected, morphine and metabolite level were tested by GC-MS and FPIA. Result Morphine concentrations ranged from 5 to 118 μg/L,in plasma, and 5 to 30.4 μg/L in milk. The analgesia effect is obviously better in test group ( P 0.05), and there were no statistical difference of the respiration rate, heart rate, blood pressure between the two groups( P 0.05). Conclusion As the epidural analgesia medicine after cesarean section, morphine has no side-effect to neonate and is safe to neonate.
Three new metal–organic complexes, [CoL2(H2O)4] 1, [CdL2(H2O)2] 2, and [CuL2(H2O)2] 3 [HL = 4-chlorophenyloxyacetic acid], have been synthesized and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis, fluorescence spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 are all zero-dimensional dimers. The carboxylate ligand exhibits different coordination modes in all compounds. These compounds exhibit interesting supramolecular architecture according to O–H···O and C–H···Cl interactions. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 develop to different framework though they all are from same ligands, which will be helpful to design of different materials. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals to view the free supplemental file: CCDC 902676, 902674, 902675 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this article. These data can be obtained free of charge via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html (or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12, Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; Fax: C44 1223 336033; e-mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk).]
Objective To explore the effect of labiatae on changes of lung injury and lung microcirculation following acute necrotizing pancreatitis(ANP).Methods A total of 128 rats were randomized into control group(C)?pancreatitis group(P)and treatment group(T).The model of ANP was established by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic capsule.Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to meaesure the blood flow of lung at 0 5h?2h?6h?12h after ANP,meanwhile,blood samples and lung tissues were collected to observe the changes of PLA 2 activity?TXA 2/PGI 2 and lung histology.Results Comparing with C group,the pulmonary pathological changes in P group were significantly aggravated( P 0 01),pulmonary blood flow was significantly decreased( P 0 05) and PLA 2 activity was elevated significantly( P 0 001)in all phases.TXA 2/PGI 2 was significantly elevated( P 0 05)from 2h after ANP.Contrast with P group,the pulmonary pathological changes in TG were significantly alleviated( P 0 05),the blood flow of lung was increased significantly ( P 0 05)from 2h after ANP in T group.PLA 2 activity?TXA 2/PGI 2 were decreased significantly( P 0 05)from 6h after ANP in T group.Conclusion The pulmonary microcirculation dysfunction and increased of PLA 2 activity.and TXA 2/PGI 2 in blood may play important roles in lung injuries early following ANP.Labiatae can protect the lungs from such injuries.
Exercise benefits people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to identify a panel of biomarkers and to provide the possible mechanism for the effect of exercise on NAFLD patients via an untargeted mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics study.NAFLD patients were classified randomly into a control group (n = 74) and a 6-month vigorous exercise (n = 68) group. Differences in serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to validate the differences between these two groups, and altered metabolites were obtained by ANOVA (fold change >2, P < 0.05) and identified with the online database Metlin and an in-house database.Metabolic profiling and multiple statistical analyses of the serum samples indicated significant differences between the NAFLD patients in the control and the 6-month vigorous exercise groups. Finally, 36 metabolites were identified between the control vs exercise groups. These metabolites were mainly associated with glycerophospholipid- and sphingolipid-related pathways.Our study demonstrates that glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid alterations may contribute to the mechanism underlying the effect of exercise on NAFLD patients. A LC-MS-based metabolomics approach has a potential value for screening exercise-induced biomarkers.
BACKGROUND:Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor is a serine/threonine kinase with an inhibitory role in glycogen synthesis, which is essential in inflammatory and immunological diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine if TDZD-8 can alleviate collagen II-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Twenty collagen II-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats were treated with selective GSK-3β inhibitor. The effects of GSK-3β inhibition on collagen II-induced rheumatoid arthritis in the rats were evaluated by paw edema, histological examination of arthritic synovium, radiographic examination of knee joint, and the level of inflammation mediators such as prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptamin, and histamine. The level of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α, was examined by Elisa. RESULTS:GSK-3β inhibitor significantly reduced the development of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. The levels of inflammation mediators such as prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptamin, and histamine were decreased in the TDZD-8 group. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in the TDZD-8 group compared with the RA group. CONCLUSIONS:Treatment with GSK-3β inhibitor suppressed inflammatory response in RA rats. These findings suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3β can be an effective treatment for RA.
Objective To describe the techniques of fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy for lower extremity varicosities, and evaluate the feasibility, safety and curative effects of it. Methods From October 2008 to December 2009, a total of 21 legs in 16 patients with lower extremity varicosities received radiological-guided foam sclerotherapy. They were enrolled in this study. Sodium morrhuate was foamed with by the filling-defects technique under fluoroscopy guidance. Postoperative compression was maintained for 2 weeks. Clinical effect was assessed as full success, partial success and no success. Complications were classified as minor or serious. Results The technical procedure was successful in all foam sclerotherapies for 21 legs. And, a single sclerotherapy session was adequate for all legs. The median follow-up period was 6. 0 months after treatment, ranged from 3.0 to 17.0 months. In this period, Clinical effect was assessed as full success for 17 legs (81.0%) and partial success for 4 legs ( 19.0% ). All patients presented selflimiting minor complications, including cordlike subcutaneous indurations along the treated veins (21 cases), skin hyperpigmentation in 11 legs (8 cases), local pain in 7 legs (6 cases) and superficial thrombophlebitits in one leg ( 1 case). No serious complications or systemic events occurred. Conclusion Fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy was a feasible, safe and effective treatment for lower extremity varicosities.
Key words:
Lower extremity; Varicose veins; Embolization, therapeutic; Radiology,interventional; Foam sclerotherapy
The view of global history has been an inevitable trend in the situation that people communicate more frequently nowadays. The world history before 1500 AD needs updating in both the system and contents and rebuilding from a macroscopic angle vertically and horizontally. First, the basic research unit should be civilization. The comparative history method can be used to estimate the historical status of the human civilizations in different areas. Each of their scales in the general history must be properly valued. The selection of history materials should have the effect on regional civilization as a standard. Second, properly dealing with the interrelation between agricultural and nomadic region generally influences the human civilization's development.
Biliary obstruction is one of the most important biliary complications after liver transplantation, with high incidence and high mortality. Prevention and timely treatment is very important for long-term survival of patients. Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP), as a reliable and non-invasive tool for detecting biliary complications, has been widely accepted. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the first choice for non-operative biliary obstruction after liver transplantation. The patients with invalid endoscopic treatment or severe obstruction symptom should have surgical therapy or liver re-transplantation.
Key words:
Cholestasis; Liver transplantation; Cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance; Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde
Background Dexmedetomidine induces a sedative response that is associated with rapid arousal. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the authors hypothesized that dexmedetomidine increases the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, and that this action contributes to the unique sedative properties of dexmedetomidine. Methods Only male mice were used. The activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons was measured by a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator and patch-clamp recording. Dopamine neurotransmitter dynamics in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were measured by a genetically encoded dopamine sensor. Ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons were inhibited or activated by a chemogenetic approach, and the depth of sedation was estimated by electroencephalography. Results Ca2+ signals in dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area increased after intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg; dexmedetomidine, 16.917 [14.882; 21.748], median [25%; 75%], vs. saline, –0.745 [–1.547; 0.359], normalized data, P = 0.001; n = 6 mice). Dopamine transmission increased in the medial prefrontal cortex after intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg; dexmedetomidine, 10.812 [9.713; 15.104], median [25%; 75%], vs. saline, –0.498 [–0.664; –0.355], normalized data, P = 0.001; n = 6 mice) and in the nucleus accumbens (dexmedetomidine, 8.543 [7.135; 11.828], median [25%; 75%], vs. saline, –0.329 [–1.220; –0.047], normalized data, P = 0.001; n = 6 mice). Chemogenetic inhibition or activation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons increased or decreased slow waves, respectively, after intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg; delta wave: two-way repeated measures ANOVA, F[2, 33] = 8.016, P = 0.002; n = 12 mice; theta wave: two-way repeated measures ANOVA, F[2, 33] = 22.800, P < 0.0001; n = 12 mice). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine activates dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and increases dopamine concentrations in the related forebrain projection areas. This mechanism may explain rapid arousability upon dexmedetomidine sedation. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Rare (RVs) and common variants of the RET gene contribute to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR; congenital aganglionosis). While RET common variants are strongly associated with the commonest manifestation of the disease (males; short-segment aganglionosis; sporadic), rare coding sequence (CDS) variants are more frequently found in the lesser common and more severe forms of the disease (females; long/total colonic aganglionosis; familial). Here we present the screening for RVs in the RET CDS and intron/exon boundaries of 601 Chinese HSCR patients, the largest number of patients ever reported. We identified 61 different heterozygous RVs (50 novel) distributed among 100 patients (16.64%). Those include 14 silent, 29 missense, 5 nonsense, 4 frame-shifts, and one in-frame amino-acid deletion in the CDS, two splice-site deletions, 4 nucleotide substitutions and a 22-bp deletion in the intron/exon boundaries and 1 single-nucleotide substitution in the 5′ untranslated region. Exonic variants were mainly clustered in RET the extracellular domain. RET RVs were more frequent among patients with the most severe phenotype (24% vs. 15% in short-HSCR). Phasing RVs with the RET HSCR-associated haplotype suggests that RVs do not underlie the undisputable association of RET common variants with HSCR. None of the variants were found in 250 Chinese controls.
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