Glaucoma is a second leading cause of blindness worldwide and stands on fourth position among the cause of blindness.Two main types of Glaucoma, primary congenital Glaucoma (PCG) and primary open angle Glaucoma (POAG).Primary open angle Glaucoma is further classified in to primary juvenile open angle Glaucoma JOAG (age of onset 3-35 years) and adult onset open angle Glaucoma (after the age of 35 years).Myocilin (MYOC) gene plays a major role in the development of adult primary open angle Glaucoma (POAG).Mutations in Myocilin (MYOC) gene are well documented to cause Adult Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG).Currently, very few data is available on the contribution of Myocilin (MYOC) gene in POAG in Pakistani population.In present study, fifty seven sporadic cases of autosomal recessive samples of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) were collected from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan.Sequencing was performed to check the contribution of (MYOC) gene and to identify the common mutations present in Pakistani population.Sequencing results revealed previously reported one heterozygous synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism SNP and a variant in intronic exonic boundary of exon 2. Findings of this study revealed that contribution of (MYOC) gene is high.Therefore, there is need to enroll more patients and families to identify the pathogenic mutations in (MYOC) gene to report actual frequency of this gene and its mutations in our population.Mutations identified in this gene may be helpful at clinical level to diagnose the disease at early stages.
Purpose The importance of e-government projects has been realized in the developed as well as in the developing countries of the world. The successful implementation of e-government projects is a challenging task. Public sector organizations are facing different sorts of challenges while executing e-government initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to explore issues/challenges related to e-government project implementation. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to understand the challenges of the e-government project, as mentioned in past research. The findings of this SLR helped in developing a proposed framework for e-government challenges. The proposed framework encompasses challenges and issues related to four main aspects such as technological, organizational, project management and enabling environment. These aspects need to be further explained for their remedial measures. For this purpose, an exploratory case study was conducted. The unit of analysis was one of the e-government projects of the ministry of IT. The interviews of the senior and middle management involved in the implementation of this project were conducted and transcribed. Findings The case study findings endorse a framework proposed. The findings of this research reflect the importance of creating a shared vision, adequate funding and good project management practices as an essential aspect of e-government implementation. Further, the importance of user-related issues such as involvement, capacity building and technical skills was also found critical in successfully executing and sustaining such initiatives in the organization. Further study findings provide necessary guidance for the senior management, which may help to develop effective strategies for the e-government projects in the organization. Originality/value The current study focused on developing a better understanding of the challenges commonly faced by organizations during e-government adoption and implementation related to organizational, project management, enabling environment and technological aspects.
Background: There are so many cases report with death anxiety in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Death anxiety leads toward various types of psychopathologies as well as numerous disorders. Excessive death anxiety also affects the resilience level of CKD patients. Objective: to find out the impact of death anxiety on resilience among patients with CKD moderating role of social support. Methodology: This study design was Correlational. The sample consists of n=150 patients with CKD. Data was collected from different hospitals of Multan, Bahawalpur, and Lodhran. The CKD patients with age range from 15 to 25 years diagnosed with stage 3-5 of chronic kidney diseases on hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation were included in the study. The Death Anxiety scale-Urdu Child and Youth Resilience Measure- Urdu and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Version-12 was used for data collection. Results: The correlation analysis among study variables shows that death anxiety has significant negative correlation (p<0.01) with resilience (r=-0.55). The overall model explained the 44% of variance with F=57.08(2,147), p<0.001 for resilience, whereas in step 2, social support was found significant predictor (R2=41, B=0.39, β=0.64, p<0.01) of resilience and moderator between death anxiety and resilience. From step 3, death anxiety was similarly established significant negative predictor (R2=47, B=-0.24, β=-0.33, p<0.01) of resilience. Additionally, in step 4, the interaction of death anxiety and social support was found significant for resilience (R2= 49, B=-0.01, β=-0.56, p<0.01. Conclusion: there is a negative relationship between death anxiety and resilience. Social support significantly moderates the relationship between death anxiety and resilience. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, death anxiety, resilience, social support.
Abstract In cases of abnormal uterine bleeding in young women, usually endometrial cancer is not suspected. Endometrial cancer (CA) is typically a disease of peri/post-menopausal women. Here we are presenting two cases of endometrial CA in young women. Mostly at the time of diagnosis the disease is very advanced, thereby depriving the women of the option for fertility sparing conservative approach. In young women with abnormal uterine bleeding, if bleeding doesn't respond to hormonal therapy.
Silk, a natural compound of silkworm contains two proteins, sericin and fibroin. These proteins can be conjugated with other compounds to form silk-derived nanoparticles. The biomedical applications of silk-based nanoparticles for drug delivery and cancer treatment are arising as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, have enhanced permeability and retention effect and less toxicity. Nevertheless, not a single review of literature is present that could describe the anticancer potential of silk derived nanoparticles. In this review, we describe the (i) comprehensive note on fibroin and sericin based nanoparticles (ii) anticancer mechanistic accompanied by biomedical applications in diagnosis, imaging, and drug delivery.
Objective: To find out low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) efficacy inlate second trimester oligohydramnios cases.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Malir, from Jan to Jun 2017.
Methodology: A total of 30 patients having amniotic fluid index (AFI) <8 on ultrasound scan during their late second trimester phase were enrolled in the study after informed consent. Exclusion criteria included congenital anomalies on U/S, PPROM, and drug-induced oligohydramnios. Personal, medical and obstetric history was obtained for age, parity and co-morbids like hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, and previous oligohydramnios. Low molecular weight heparin was started at dose of 0.5mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously for 8-12 weeks and stopped 24 hours prior to delivery. Rescan for amniotic fluid index and fetal bio-metry assessment done every 2 weeks till date of delivery. Fetal outcome in terms of maturity, mode of delivery, birth weight, APGAR score and need for NICU admission were measured.
Results: There were 28 live births and two intrauterine deaths. Twelve patients were delivered normally and 18 had elective LSCS. Of twenty eight cases, eight were premature low birth weight (LBW) babies. Twenty six patients showed significant improvement in amniotic fluid index. Average birth weight was 2.5kg. Neonates showed an average APGAR score of 7. Eight neonates admitted in NICU (for prematurity and/or low birth weight) and discharged within a week.
Conclusion: Low molecular weight heparin plays significant role in treating oligohydramnios in cases with or without risk factors. However further studies with large sample............
The ethylene hormone identification process, which regulates the overall rate of fruit development and formation is heavily dependent on the ethylene-insensitive 3/Ethylene-insensitive3-like (EIN3/EIL) protein family. EIL harmone improve the plant's defense against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Research of the EIL family has been done for many plant species but in cucumber, this Gene family has not been investigated yet. Mining of the cucumber genome has identified four member of the EIL gene family using various bioinformatics tool. EIL proteins in cucumbers clustered into 4 subgroups (groups 1,2,3,4) based on the established cucumber classification. Sequence analysis and phylogeny research showed that CsEIL3 and other EIN3/EIL plant proteins isolated from a progenitor signal at the time of emergence have a high degree of similarity; CsEIN3 is involved in the flower growth process. Comprehensive genome evaluation of the EIL gene family in cucumber provides the ability to analyze and analyze the performance of this gene family.
Nursing is a demanding and physically and emotionally challenging profession, and nurses are often exposed to high levels of job stress, which can have significant negative impacts on their physical and mental health, as well as their social life and work performance. This study aims to explore the impacts of job stress on the social life of nurses and how it affects their work performance in selected hospitals in Karachi. It is a cross-sectional study and data is collected from 100 nurses qualified with BS in Nursing and Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery (DGNM) from SIUT, NICVD and Zia ud Din hospital by using a convenience sampling technique from October to December 2022. Results of the regression analysis show that the variable working long hours beta coefficient value of the regression table is .203 and the value of significance is 0.001; the variable work pressure beta coefficient value of the regression table is .213 and the value of significance is 0.001 and variable job stress beta coefficient value of regression table is .291 and value of significance is 0.000, which shows that these variables working long hours, work pressure and job stress has a significant impact on the nurses' social life and work performances. The study concluded that job stress and other associated factors hamper the work efficiency of nurses. Therefore, the present research study recommends that the management of the hospitals should ensure a stress-free environment at their workplace to create a better work-life balance for nurses to reduce stress levels and improve their overall well-being.
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