Abstract Tropical regions contain ecologically and socio‐economically important habitats, and are home to about 3.8 billion people, many of which directly depend on tropical coastal waters for their well‐being. At the basis of these ecosystems are biogeochemical processes. Climate change is expected to have a greater impact in the tropics compared to temperate regions because of the relatively stable environmental conditions found there. However, it was surprising to find only 660 research articles published focusing on the impact of climate change on the biogeochemistry of coastal tropical waters compared to 4823 for temperate waters. In this perspective, we highlight important topics in need of further research. Specifically, we suggest that in tropical regions compared to temperate counterparts climate change stressors will be experienced differently, that organisms have a lower acclimation capacity, and that long‐term baseline biogeochemical datasets useful for quantifying future changes are lacking. The low number of research papers on the impacts of climate change in coastal tropical regions is likely due to a mix of reasons including limited resources for research and limited number of long time series in many developing tropical countries. Finally, we propose some action points that we hope will stimulate more studies in tropical coastal waters.
Global change impacts on marine biogeochemistry will be partly mediated by heterotrophic bacteria. Besides ocean warming, future environmental changes have been suggested to affect the quantity and quality of organic matter available for bacterial growth. However, it is yet to be determined in what way warming and changing substrate conditions will impact marine heterotrophic bacteria activity. Using short-term (4 days) experiments conducted at 3 temperatures (-3°C, in situ, +3°C) we assessed the temperature dependence of bacterial cycling of marine surface water used as a control and 3 different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) substrates (glucose, seagrass and mangrove) in tropical coastal waters of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Our study shows that DOC source had the largest effect on the measured bacterial response, but this response was amplified by increasing temperature. We specifically demonstrate that 1) extracellular enzymatic activity and DOC consumption increased with warming, 2) this enhanced DOC consumption did not result in increased biomass production, since the increases in respiration were larger than for bacterial growth with warming, and 3) different DOC bioavailabilities affected the magnitude of the microbial community response to warming. We suggest that in coastal tropical waters, the magnitude of heterotrophic bacterial productivity and enzyme activity response to warming will depend partly on the DOC source bioavailability.
Abstract. Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) concentrations are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components of biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOM v1; available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964012, Lønborg et al., 2023) compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of DOC, DON, and DOP in coastal waters. These data are complemented by hydrographic data such as temperature and salinity and, to the extent possible, other biogeochemical variables (e.g. chlorophyll a, inorganic nutrients) and the inorganic carbon system (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity). Overall, CoastDOM v1 includes observations of concentrations from all continents. However, most data were collected in the Northern Hemisphere, with a clear gap in DOM measurements from the Southern Hemisphere. The data included were collected from 1978 to 2022 and consist of 62 338 data points for DOC, 20 356 for DON, and 13 533 for DOP. The number of measurements decreases progressively in the sequence DOC > DON > DOP, reflecting both differences in the maturity of the analytical methods and the greater focus on carbon cycling by the aquatic science community. The global database shows that the average DOC concentration in coastal waters (average ± standard deviation (SD): 182±314 µmol C L−1; median: 103 µmol C L−1) is 13-fold higher than the average coastal DON concentration (13.6±30.4 µmol N L−1; median: 8.0 µmol N L−1), which is itself 39-fold higher than the average coastal DOP concentration (0.34±1.11 µmol P L−1; median: 0.18 µmol P L−1). This dataset will be useful for identifying global spatial and temporal patterns in DOM and will help facilitate the reuse of DOC, DON, and DOP data in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes; closing nutrient budgets; estimating carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pools; and establishing a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Microbial mats are compacted, surface-associated microbial ecosystems reminiscent of the first living communities on early Earth. While often considered predominantly prokaryotic, recent findings show that both fungi and viruses are ubiquitous in microbial mats, albeit their functional roles remain unknown. Fungal research has mostly focused on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems where fungi are known as important recyclers of organic matter, whereas viruses are exceptionally abundant and important in aquatic ecosystems. Here, viruses have shown to affect organic matter cycling and the diversity of microbial communities by facilitating horizontal gene transfer and cell lysis. We hypothesise fungi and viruses to have similar roles in microbial mats. Based on the analysis of previous research in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, we outline novel hypotheses proposing strong impacts of fungi and viruses on element cycling, food web structure and function in microbial mats, and outline experimental approaches for studies needed to understand these interactions.
Microbial communities distribute heterogeneously at small-scales (mm-cm) due to physical, chemical and biological processes.To understand microbial processes and functions it is necessary to appreciate microbes and matter at small scales, however, few studies have determined microbial, viral, and biogeochemical distribution over space and time at these scales.In this study, the small-scale spatial and temporal distribution of microbes (bacteria and chlorophyll a), viruses, dissolved inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic carbon were determined at five locations (spatial) along the Great Barrier Reef (Australia), and over 4 consecutive days (temporal) at a coastal location.Our results show that: 1) the parameters show high small-scale heterogeneity; 2) none of the parameters measured explained the bacterial abundance distributions at these scales spatially or temporally; 3) chemical (ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, phosphate, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen) and biological (chl a, and bacterial and viral abundances) measurements did not reveal significant relationships at the small scale; and 4) statistically significant differences were found between sites/days for all parameter measured but without a clear pattern.
The coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) pool was studied to provide information about the characteristics and dynamics of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction in the largest contiguous coral reef system in the world, the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The large-scale dataset consisted of 793 discrete measurements collected in offshore and coastal regions in the period from 2004 to 2017. The study demonstrates that despite spatial-temporal variations, the CDOM values in the Great Barrier Reef are comparable to those found in other oligotrophic coastal waters. The CDOM optical properties suggest a higher terrestrial contribution and low photochemical degradation of CDOM during the Austral wet season, which is in line with the higher river inputs and overcast conditions during this period compared with the other seasons. The study also revealed a strong relationship between the DOC normalized CDOM absorption coefficient at 350 nm and the spectral slope between 275 nm and 295 nm (S275-295), suggesting that the correlation between DOC and CDOM varies depending on the DOC properties or source. The poor relationship between CDOM and salinity could be explained by a range of factors, but is likely primarily linked with the extensive photochemical degradation and generally low river inputs in the Great Barrier Reef.
Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Add Paper to My Library Share: Permalink Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely Copy URL Copy DOI