Salinity, one of the catastrophic abiotic stresses that uces wheat production around the globe. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress phytohormone as a signaling molecule that led us to investigate its potential to improve morpho-physiological characteristics, antioxidant metabolism, and ion homeostasis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings grown under salinity stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl). The findings suggested that salt-induced toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) damaged root morphological characteristics, plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and water contents, while trigger the oxidative injury, Na+ ion accumulation and uptake in wheat leaf and root tissues with the increasing NaCl concentration in the nutrient media. However, root-zone supply of ABA (0, 5, and 10 μM) prominently alleviated salt induced phytotoxicity. The 10 μM concentration of ABA promoted shoot (81.7%) and root (102.1%) dry weight, root length (38.2%), Chl. a (65.3%), Chl. b (149.0%), carotenoids (95.7%) and membrane damage (36.7%) when NaCl was added at 100 mM, relative to the corresponding treatment without ABA. Moreover, ABA (10 μM) supply decreased Na+ ion uptake (root to leaf) due to reduced transpiration rate (81.1%), and thereby ameliorated oxidative injury by ucing leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents by 36.8% and 29.9%, respectively, at 100 mM NaCl stress, relative to the similar treatment without ABA. In addition, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were upregulated by 143.9%, 20.2%, and 19.5% in leaves and by 144.9%, 23.4% and 41.1% in roots respectively, with 10 μM ABA application under 100 mM salinity stress, compa to the 100 mM NaCl treatment without ABA. Conclusively, this study proposed that root-zone ABA application promoted salinity tolerance in wheat seedlings and could be a practical approach for wheat production in salt-affected regions to ensure food security.
Salinity is a serious menace that has a significant influence on sustainability of agriculture and threatens food security of the world.Methyl jasmonate appeared to be an important modulator with different specific functions in plants and increase the resistance against different abiotic stresses.A hydroponic study was performed with three salt (control, 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) and two methyl jasmonate concentrations (50 µM and 100 µM) applied in sole and integrate form.Methyl jasmonate treated plants exhibits improved growth mass and antioxidant safeguard.The imposition of salt in growth medium drastically reduced the plant growth, physiological, gas exchange, ionic and biochemical attributes.Application of methyl jasmonate significantly alleviated the deleterious effects of salinity by depicting the improvement in plant biomass, RWC, MSI, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO 2 concentration, chlorophyll contents, oxidative stress indicators, activity of antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT, APX and SOD) and K + /Na + ratio.The results also disclose that response of wheat genotypes against methyl jasmonate application under saline condition show a concentration effect and varietal diversity.Moreover, the application of 100µM methyl jasmonate under low and elevated salt concentration shows prominent response towards wheat genotype Faislabad-2008 while least response was observed in wheat genotype Victoria.
The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the enzyme inhibition, antifungal, antibacterial and hemolytic activities of various fractions of Colebrookia oppositifolia Smith. The MeOH extract of plant was dissolved in dist. water and partitioned with n-hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc and n-BuOH sequentially. Enzyme inhibition studies were done against four enzymes i.e. α-glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and lipoxygenase. Ethyl acetate fraction possessed very good activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 57.38±1.23µg/mL). CHCl3 fraction displayed good activity against α-glucosidase and lipoxygenase while moderate activity against butyryl cholinesterase. EtOAc fraction displayed good activity against lipoxygenase. Antifungal activity was studied against four fungi i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Ganoderma lucidum and Alternaria alternata by the disc diffusion method using fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug, as positive control. Aqueous fraction displayed good activity against G. lucidum and A. flavus. Antibacterial activity was checked against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasturella multocida and Escherichia coli by the disc diffusion method using streptomycin sulphate, a standard antibiotic, as positive control. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction showed good activity against E. coli. Chloroform fraction showed good activity against B. subtilis. Ethyl acetate fraction showed good activity against the P. multocida. All the studied fractions showed very less toxicity i.e. < 7%.
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