In this paper we are going to propose a physical model that can represent a simple deterrence equilibrium situation, it is on based theory of unitary rational actors. This theory takes in account that a state is composed of a large number of people and a detailed study of the dynamics of any individual it is impossible. This situation, in Physics, is similar for gases, which are composed by a huge number of molecules and the study dynamics for one is impossible. Then a common approach, in this case, is the thermodynamics one. We only look to the macroscopic properties of the gas such as pressure, temperature and volume. Then in this sense thermodynamics could help to use theory of unitary rational actors also considering some non-rational factors. Firstly we are going to see how this model represents the Mutual assured destruction (MAD) theory if the influence of internal (economical, political,due to non state actors) instability and o conventional military forces are not taken in account. Secondly we are going to consider the factors just mentioned in our model and we are going to study their influence on deterrence stability: MAD will not be anymore effective. Finally we emphasize that the proposed model can simulate the reaction to the interest of a neighbour state or the international community on the deterrence equilibrium situation. In particular we are going to apply this model to the India-Pakistan deterrence equilibrium and see how the influence of International soft diplomacy can change the situation.

Deterrence theory

10.48550/arxiv.1605.03104

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A CONTINUUM STRING MODEL FOR D>1

Modern Physics Letters A (1992)

M. Martellini Marco Spreafico K. Yoshida

The non-critical string (2D gravity coupled to the matter with central charge D) is quantized by taking care of both diffeomorphism and Weyl symmetries. In incorporating the gauge fixing with respect to the Weyl symmetry, through the condition R g =const., one modifies the classical result of Distler and Kawai. In particular one obtains the real string tension for an arbitrary value of central charge D.

10.1142/s0217732392001361

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Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications (2022)

Stanislav Abaimov M. Martellini

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Chern-Simons theory, link invariants and quasi-Hopf algebras

De Gruyter eBooks (2014)

E. Guadagnini M. Martellini M. Mintchev

Chern–Simons theory

Link (geometry)

10.1515/9783110875911.195

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