Gabriel R. Broday

Concordia University

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Luiz A. C. Lopes

Concordia University

Claudinor B. Nascimento

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

Eloi Agostini

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

Gilney Damm

VeDeCoM Institute

William Pasillas-Lépine

Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes

Luiz A. C. Lopes

Concordia University

Houshang Karimi

York University

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Concordia University

Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Université Paris-Saclay

Universidade Federal do Paraná

Concordia University

Integra (United States)

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A Minimum Power Loss Approach for Selecting the Turns Ratio of a Tapped Inductor and Mode of Operation of a 5-switch Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

Gabriel R. Broday Luiz A. C. Lopes

One of the most important aspects for the reliable operation of a DC Microgrid is the DC-bus voltage regulation within the system. For this, Supercapacitors (SCs) are widely used as auxiliary devices since they can provide sudden bursts of power and demand/supply currents with high gradients. Since commercial SCs usually present low voltage levels and, with the increasing trend of raising the DC-bus voltage, their connection in such systems requires power electronics interfaces capable of providing a wide range of voltage conversion. In this scenario, Tapped Inductors (TIs) provide a means for achieving low/high voltage gains in non-isolated DC-DC converters with neither too small nor too large duty cycles (D) by adjusting their turns ratio (n:1) to a desired value at a given operating point. However, a proper methodology for the actual choice of this value and the impacts of this on important aspects of the system, such as the converter efficiency, are still lacking in the literature. This way, this paper concerns a 5-switch DC-DC converter, based on a TI and that presents voltage gains that vary with D with Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost characteristics, where the main objective is to present an approach to determine the mode of operation and the turns ratio of the TI for reducing the losses on the power switches.

Duty cycle

Buck converter

10.1109/icdcm50975.2021.9504669

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A Unified Controller for Multi-State Operation of the Bi-Directional Buck–Boost DC-DC Converter

Energies (2021)

Gabriel R. Broday Gilney Damm William Pasillas-Lépine Luiz A. C. Lopes

DC grid interfaces for supercapacitors (SCs) are expected to operate with a wide range of input voltages with fast dynamics. The class-C DC-DC converter is commonly used in this application because of its simplicity. However, it does not work if the output voltage (V2) becomes smaller than the input voltage (V1). The non-isolated bi-directional Buck–Boost DC-DC converter does not have this limitation. Its two half-bridges provide a means for controlling the power flow operating in the conventional dual-state mode, as well as multi-state, tri, and quad modes. These can be used for mitigating issues such as the Right Half Plane (RHP) zero that has a negative impact on the dynamic response of the system. Multi-state operation typically requires multi-variable control, which is not easy to realize with conventional PI-type controllers. This paper proposes a unified controller for multi-state operation. It employs a carrier-based modulation scheme with three modulation signals that allows the converter to operate in all four possible states and eight different modes of operation. A mathematical model is developed for devising a multi-variable control scheme using feedback linearization. This allows the design of control loops with simple PI controllers that can be used for all multi-state modes under a wide range of operating conditions with the same performance. The proposed scheme is verified by means of simulations.

Linearization

10.3390/en14237921

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Citations (7)

A Robust Nonlinear Multi-Variable Controller for a 5-Switch Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter for DC-Microgrids Applications

Gabriel R. Broday Luiz A. C. Lopes Houshang Karimi

The employment of DC-Microgrids based on renewable power generation has shown to be a really good option for the decentralization of the conventional power grid and its modernization. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and the large variations of power demand caused by variable loads still represent a challenge from the control point of view, where the usual approach for the control strategy of DC-Microgrids still relies on linear PI-controllers and their simplicity. Recent literature has shown that the employment of such controllers, usually employing a linearized model designed for a specific operating point, represent a major factor on the underperformance and inefficiency of DC-Microgrids. To deal with these limitations, nonlinear controllers capable of providing a much broader operating region have been used to assure robust and stable operation for DC-Microgrids. The drawback of such controllers, and the main reason to still prevent their use on a larger scale, is that they usually present more complex models and a heavy mathematical approach is necessary in order to determine the control law, This paper will present in detail the analysis, modelling, and control design of a multi-variable nonlinear controller based on input-output feedback linearization for a 5-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter. The performance of the nonlinear controller is verified by means of simulation results for a case study concerning the connection of a Supercapacitor (SC) to a controlled DC-Microgrid.

Microgrid

Operating point

Feedback linearization

Linearization

10.1109/oncon56984.2022.10126610

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Analysis and simulation of a buck-boost operation in a bidirectional ZVS DC-DC converter

Gabriel R. Broday Claudinor B. Nascimento Luiz A. C. Lopes Eloi Agostini

In this paper, a Buck-Boost operation in a bidirectional ZVS DC-DC converter is proposed. Initially, the static analysis of the proposed operation is presented, providing fundamental knowledge for a project methodology. Finally, in order to prove the theoretical analyses, simulation results are presented and discussed.

Buck converter

10.1109/esars-itec.2016.7841431

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A Tri-State Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter for a Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicle Applications

2021 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (2015)

Gabriel R. Broday Claudinor B. Nascimento Eloi Agostini Luiz A. C. Lopes

Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) are commonly used when a combination of features and advantages from different energy storage devices are needed. Due to their characteristics, when batteries and Supercapacitors (SC) are implemented in HESS they become a good option for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. This paper presents a bidirectional DC-DC converter as an interface between the battery and the SC, this will allow the control of the power flow. A tri-state operation for a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter is proposed in order to improve the performance of the control and reduce losses in the HESS.

Buck converter

State of charge

10.1109/vppc.2015.7352888

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Citations (11)

A bidirectional DC-DC converter For Supercapacitors in Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Gabriel R. Broday Claudinor B. Nascimento Eloi Agostini Luiz A. C. Lopes

The high power density of Supercapacitors (SCs) make them good elements for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESSs). In order to increase the amount of energy of their high power bursts, they should operate with large voltage variations. This paper presents the design equations of a 3-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter with a tapped inductor that can be used for interfacing SCs to DC buses. Some of its key features are possible operation with V ₁ >V ₂ and V ₁ <;V ₂ , high voltage ratios (V ₁ /V ₂ ) and also the choice of operating in three modes (Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost), which offers the potential for switch power loss balancing. Experimental results obtained with a 1-kW prototype are presented.

Interfacing

10.1109/cpe.2017.7915186

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Citations (11)

Exact Feedback Linearization of a Multi-Variable Controller for a Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter as Interface of an Energy Storage System

Energies (2022)

Gabriel R. Broday Luiz A. C. Lopes Gilney Damm

DC microgrids have shown to be a good approach for better accommodating stochastic renewable energy sources (RES) and for the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) at the distribution level. For this, fast-acting energy storage units (ESSs) are essential. This requires that both the bi-directional power converter topology and the control scheme present the right set of features. The ESS discussed in this paper consists of a new DC-DC converter based on a tapped inductor (TI) for a higher voltage gain at moderate duty cycles. The direction of the current in its intermediate inductor does not need to be reversed for power flow reversal, leading to a faster action. Moreover, it can employ a multi-state and multi-variable modulation scheme that eliminates the right half-plane (RHP) zero, common in boost-type converters. In order to achieve good dynamic performance across a wide range of operating points, a control scheme based on feedback linearization is developed. This paper presents the modeling of the five-switch DC-DC converter operating in the tri-state buck–boost mode. A systematic approach for deriving control laws for the TI current and output voltage based on exact state feedback linearization is discussed. The performance of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation for a supercapacitor (SC)-based ESS. It is compared to that of a conventional control scheme for a dual-state buck–boost mode with cascaded PI controllers designed based on small-signal models. The results show that both control schemes work similarly well at the operating point that the conventional control scheme was designed for. However, only the proposed scheme allows the SC-based ESS to control the current injected into the DC microgrid with the voltage of the SC varying between the expected range of rated to half-rated.

Feedback linearization

Buck converter

10.3390/en15217923

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Modeling and dynamic feedback linearization of a 5-switch tri-state buck-boost bidirectional DC-DC converter

Gabriel R. Broday Gilney Damm William Pasillas-Lépine Luiz A. C. Lopes

Energy storage devices are frequently employed for dynamic voltage regulation in DC nano and microgrids. For that, the power electronic interface should allow fast and accurate control of the bidirectional power flow. This requires an appropriate set of power electronics topology and control strategy. This paper focuses on a novel 5-switch DC-DC converter capable of reversing the power flow direction without changing the current direction in the intermediate inductor. A tri-state buck-boost plus free-wheeling modulation scheme is discussed. One issue with conventional PI-type controllers designed for converter models linearized around a typical operating point is their performance deteriorates as the operating point changes. In such cases, advanced control methods based on non-linear control theory can be beneficial. This paper discusses an approach for the modelling and control by dynamic feedback linearization of a 5-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter. The performance is verified by means of simulation results.

Buck converter

Feedback linearization

Power Electronics

Operating point

Wheeling

Linearization

10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453569

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Citations (4)

A novel 5-switch tapped-inductor multi-state bidirectional DC-DC converter

2022 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) (2018)

Gabriel R. Broday Luiz A. C. Lopes

DC distribution systems, common in transportation systems, are now being considered for residential and office buildings. Whatever the case, energy storage units with fast acting interfaces are of paramount importance for power balancing and power quality enhancement. The power electronics interfaces, usually centered on inductive elements, tend to present non-minimum phase characteristics and slow response. This issue can be mitigated with the use of multi-state switching techniques. The novel bidirectional DC-DC converter proposed in this paper is suitable for this technique and employs a tapped inductor in which the direction of the current does not have to change when the power flow through the converter is to be reversed, leading the system to a faster response.

Power Electronics

10.1109/icit.2018.8352245

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Citations (9)

Bidirectional DC-DC converters for hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicle applications

Gabriel R. Broday

Em um momento em que questoes ambientais e a seguranca energetica estao numa posicao de destaque, Veiculos Eletricos (VEs) estao no centro das atencoes. Entretanto, ainda e dificil para eles substituir os tradicionais veiculos de combustao interna e a razao principal para isso e o seu sistema de energia. Normalmente, devido a suas caracteristicas, baterias sao usadas como banco de energia para VEs. No entanto, baterias tambem apresentam algumas limitacoes para essa aplicacao e o problema no sistema de energia e relacionado a essas limitacoes. Uma das solucoes propostas e se colocar baterias e supercapacitores (SC) em paralelo, resultando em um Sistema Hibrido de Armazenamento de Energia (SHAE). Para fazer essa configuracao possivel e o fluxo de potencia controlavel em um SHAE, um conversor CC-CC bidirecional interfaceando a bateria e o SC e necessario. Levando isso em consideracao, o estudo de topologias CC-CC bidirecionais e apresentado nessa Dissertacao de Mestrado. Primeiro, o estudo de um conversor CC-CC bidirecional com indutor dividido, envolvendo sua analise teorica em regime permanente, analise dinâmica e uma metodologia de projeto com resultados de simulacao, e apresentado, resultando na construcao de um prototipo experimental com as seguintes especificacoes de projeto: Fonte de tensao 1 de 300 V, fonte de tensao 2 de 96 V, frequencia de comutacao de 20 kHz e potencia nominal de 1000 W. Entao, o estudo de uma segunda topologia, um conversor CC-CC Buck-Boost ZVS bidirecional, envolvendo sua analise em regime permanente e uma metodologia de projeto com resultados de simulacao, tambem e apresentado.

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