Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são uma das principais causas de mortalidade no Brasil e no mundo, com a hipertensão arterial como fator de risco relevante. Associada ao envelhecimento, fatores socioeconômicos, etnia e estilo de vida, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma doença crônica comum e pode evoluir para a doença renal hipertensiva (DRH), configurando um problema de saúde pública significativo. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil de mortalidade por doenças cardíacas (CID I11), renais (CID I12) e cardíacas e renais hipertensivas (CID I13) no Brasil entre 2011 e 2020, considerando faixa etária, sexo, cor e escolaridade. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo descritivo utilizando dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Ministério da Saúde, disponíveis no DATASUS/TabNet (fevereiro de 2023). As informações foram organizadas e analisadas pelo Software BioEstat 5.3 utilizando o método estatístico ANOVA de dois critérios para comparar variações em múltiplas amostras. Os dados foram descritos por meio de medidas de frequência simples, relativa e coeficiente de mortalidade. Resultados: Entre 2011 e 2020, a mortalidade por doenças cardíacas e renais hipertensivas no Brasil variou regionalmente. O Sudeste registrou o maior número de óbitos (47,8%; n 10.540), seguido pelo Nordeste (20,7%; n 4.571) e Sul (18,1%; n 3.996), enquanto o Norte (6,4%; n 1.407) e Centro-Oeste (7,0%; n 1.535) tiveram os menores índices. A mortalidade predominou em homens e entre pessoas com menor escolaridade (1 a 3 anos de estudo; 26,8%). Observou-se predominância de óbitos entre pessoas pardas no Norte (62,5%; p = 0.001), Nordeste (58,5%; p < 0.001) e Centro-Oeste (45,0%; p = 0.0835). Além disso, os óbitos aumentaram gradualmente em faixas etárias mais avançadas, especialmente entre indivíduos com 80 anos ou mais. Nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul, houve um aumento do número de óbitos entre 2011 e 2018, enquanto no Sudeste e Centro-Oeste não apresentaram variações significativas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que doenças cardíacas e renais hipertensivas continuam a ser um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil, afetando principalmente homens, pessoas com baixa escolaridade, idosos e pardos. As desigualdades regionais são evidentes, com os maiores índices de óbitos no Sudeste e Nordeste. O estudo destaca a necessidade de intervenções específicas para a prevenção e controle da hipertensão arterial em populações vulneráveis e melhorias nos registros de mortalidade para um entendimento mais preciso da situação epidemiológica.
Static aeroelastic deformations are nowadays considered as early as in the preliminary aircraft design stage, where low-fidelity linear aerodynamic modeling is favored because of its low computational cost. However, transonic flows are essentially nonlinear. The present work aims at assessing the impact of the aerodynamic level of fidelity used in preliminary aircraft design. Several fluid models ranging from the linear potential to the Navier–Stokes formulations were used to solve transonic flows for steady rigid aerodynamic and static aeroelastic computations on two benchmark wings: the Onera M6 and a generic airliner wing. The lift and moment loading distributions, as well as the bending and twisting deformations predicted by the different models, were examined, along with the computational costs of the various solutions. The results illustrate that a nonlinear method is required to reliably perform steady aerodynamic computations on rigid wings. For such computations, the best tradeoff between accuracy and computational cost is achieved by the full potential formulation. On the other hand, static aeroelastic computations are usually performed on optimized wings for which transonic effects are weak. In such cases, linear potential methods were found to yield sufficiently reliable results. If the linear method of choice is the doublet lattice approach, it must be corrected using a nonlinear solution.
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