Soa Fy Andriamandimby

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

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Co-Authors

Jean‐Michel Héraud

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Philippe Dussart

Institut Pasteur du Cambodge

Vincent Lacoste

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Jean‐Marc Reynes

Institut Pasteur

Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Marie‐Marie Olive

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Fanjasoa Rakotomanana

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Jean-Pierre Ravalohery

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Laurence Randrianasolo

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Cooperative Institutions

Institut Pasteur

137

Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

130

University of KwaZulu-Natal

130

Stellenbosch University

107

Inserm

102

Kenya Medical Research Institute

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention

Cairo University

Institut Pasteur de Dakar

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Early-warning health and process indicators for sentinel surveillance in Madagascar 2007-2011

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics (2014)

Soatiana Rajatonirina Fanjasoa Rakatomanana Laurence Randrianasolo Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo Soa Fy Andriamandimby

Background: Epidemics pose major threats in resource-poor countries, and surveillance tools for their early detection and response are often inadequate. In 2007, a sentinel surveillance system was established in Madagascar, with the aim of rapidly identifying potential epidemics of febrile or diarrhoeal syndromes and issuing alerts. We present the health and process indicators for the five years during which this system was constructed, showing the spatiotemporal trends, early-warning sign detection capability and process evaluation through timely analyses of high-quality data.Methods: The Malagasy sentinel surveillance network is currently based on data for fever and diarrhoeal syndromes collected from 34 primary health centres and reported daily via the transmission of short messages from mobile telephones. Data are analysed daily at the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar to make it possible to issue alerts more rapidly, and integrated process indicators (timeliness, data quality) are used to monitor the system.Results: From 2007 to 2011, 917,798 visits were reported. Febrile syndromes accounted for about 11% of visits annually, but the trends observed differed between years and sentinel sites. From 2007 to 2011, 21 epidemic alerts were confirmed. However, delays in data transmission were observed (88% transmitted within 24 hours in 2008; 67% in 2011) and the percentage of forms transmitted each week for validity control decreased from 99.9% in 2007 to 63.5% in 2011.Conclusion: A sentinel surveillance scheme should take into account both epidemiological and process indicators. It must also be governed by the main purpose of the surveillance and by local factors, such as the motivation of healthcare workers and telecommunication infrastructure. Permanent evaluation indicators are required for regular improvement of the system.

Electronic surveillance

Early warning system

Public health surveillance

Disease Surveillance

10.5210/ojphi.v6i3.5400

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Citations (9)

Human Exposure to Hantaviruses Associated with Rodents of the Murinae Subfamily, Madagascar

Emerging infectious diseases (2020)

Harinirina Aina Rabemananjara Vololoniaina Raharinosy Ravo M. Razafimahefa Jean Pierre Ravalohery Jean Théophile Rafisandratantsoa

We conducted a national human serologic study of a hantavirus detected in Madagascar rodents using a commercial kit and a new ELISA targeting the virus. Our results suggest a conservative estimate of 2.7% (46/1,680) IgG seroprevalence. A second single-district study using the new ELISA revealed a higher prevalence (7.2%; 10/139).

Seroprevalence

Hantavirus Infection

Subfamily

Arvicolinae

Puumala virus

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

10.3201/eid2603.190320

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Citations (6)

Comprehensive Characterization of Viral Diversity of Female Mosquitoes in Madagascar

Viruses (2023)

Amal Bennouna Luciano Michaël Tantely Vololoniaina Raharinosy Soa Fy Andriamandimby Thomas Bigot

The diversity and circulation of arboviruses are not much studied in Madagascar. The fact is that arboviral emergences are rarely detected. The existing surveillance system primarily relies on serological detection and records only a few human infections annually. The city of Mahajanga, however, experienced a confirmed dengue fever epidemic in 2020 and 2021. This study aimed to characterize and analyze the virome of mosquitoes collected in Mahajanga, near patients with dengue-like syndromes to detect known and unknown viruses as well as investigate the factors contributing to the relative low circulation of arboviruses in the area. A total of 4280 mosquitoes representing at least 12 species from the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genera were collected during the dry and the rainy seasons from three sites, following an urbanization gradient. The virome analysis of 2192 female mosquitoes identified a diverse range of viral families and genera and revealed different patterns that are signatures of the influence of the mosquito genus or the season of collection on the composition and abundance of the virome. Despite the absence of known human or veterinary arboviruses, the identification and characterization of viral families, genera, and species in the mosquito virome contribute to our understanding of viral ecology and diversity within mosquito populations in Madagascar. This study serves as a foundation for ongoing surveillance efforts and provides a basis for the development of preventive strategies against various mosquito-borne viral diseases, including known arboviruses.

Human virome

Culex quinquefasciatus

10.3390/v15091852

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Citations (1)

Surveillance of Viral Encephalitis in the Context of COVID-19: A One-Year Observational Study among Hospitalized Patients in Dakar, Senegal

Viruses (2022)

Jamil Kahwagi Al Ousseynou Seye Ahmadou Bamba Mbodji Rokhaya Diagne El Hadji Mbengue

The burden of encephalitis and its associated viral etiology is poorly described in Africa. Moreover, neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly reported in many countries, but less so in Africa. Our prospective study aimed to characterize the main viral etiologies of patients hospitalized for encephalitis in two hospitals in Dakar. From January to December 2021, all adult patients that met the inclusion criteria for clinical infectious encephalitis were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluids, blood, and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and tested for 27 viruses. During the study period, 122 patients were enrolled. Viral etiology was confirmed or probable in 27 patients (22.1%), with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 8), HSV-1 (n = 7), HHV-7 (n = 5), and EBV (n = 4) being the most detected viruses. Age groups 40–49 was more likely to be positive for at least one virus with an odds ratio of 7.7. The mortality was high among infected patients, with 11 (41%) deaths notified during hospitalization. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 was the most prevalent virus in hospitalized patients presenting with encephalitis. Our results reveal the crucial need to establish a country-wide surveillance of encephalitis in Senegal to estimate the burden of this disease in our population and implement strategies to improve care and reduce mortality.

Etiology

Viral encephalitis

10.3390/v14050871

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Citations (4)

Mixed methods to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards rabies in central and remote communities of Moramanga district, Madagascar

PLoS neglected tropical diseases (2024)

Claire LeBlanc Daouda Kassié Mendrika Haritiana Ranaivoharimina Elliot Rakotomanana Reziky Tiandraza Mangahasimbola

Control of dog-mediated rabies relies on raising awareness, access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and mass dog vaccination. To assess rabies awareness in Moramanga district, Madagascar, where rabies is endemic, two complementary quantitative and qualitative approaches were carried out in 2018. In the quantitative approach, a standardized questionnaire was administered to 334 randomized participants living in 170 households located less than 5 km from the anti-rabies treatment center (ARTC) located in Moramanga city (thereafter called the central area), and in 164 households located more than 15 km away from the ARTC in two rural communes (thereafter called the remote area). Logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors influencing knowledge and practice scores. The qualitative approach consisted in semi-structured interviews conducted with 28 bite victims who had consulted the ARTC, three owners of biting dogs, three ARTC staff and two local authorities. Overall, 15.6% (52/334) of households owned at least one dog. The dog-to-human ratio was 1:17.6. The central area had a significantly higher dog bite incidence (0.53 per 100 person-years, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85) compared to the remote area (0.22 per 100 person-years, 95% CI: 0.09-0.43) (p = 0.03). The care pathway following a bite depended on wound severity, how the dog was perceived and its owner's willingness to cover costs. Rabies vaccination coverage in dogs in the remote area was extremely low (2.4%). Respondents knew that vaccination prevented animal rabies but owners considered that their own dogs were harmless and cited access and cost of vaccine as main barriers. Most respondents were not aware of the existence of the ARTC (85.3%), did not know the importance of timely access to PEP (92.2%) or that biting dogs should be isolated (89.5%) and monitored. Good knowledge scores were significantly associated with having a higher socio-economic status (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.33-3.26) and living in central area (OR = 1.91, CI = 1.22-3.00). Good practice scores were significantly associated with living in central area (OR = 4.78, CI = 2.98-7.77) and being aware of the ARTC's existence (OR = 2.29, CI = 1.14-4.80). In Madagascar, knowledge on rabies was disparate with important gaps on PEP and animal management. Awareness campaigns should inform communities (i) on the importance of seeking PEP as soon as possible after an exposure, whatever the severity of the wound and the type of biting dog who caused it, and (ii) on the existence and location of ARTCs where free-of-charge PEP is available. They should also encourage owners to isolate and monitor the health of biting dogs. Above all, awareness and dog vaccination campaigns should be designed so as to reach the more vulnerable remote rural populations as knowledge, good practices and vaccination coverage were lower in these areas. They should also target households with a lower socio-economic status. If awareness campaigns are likely to succeed in improving access to ARTCs in Madagascar, their impact on prompting dog owners to vaccinate their own dogs seems more uncertain given the financial and access barriers. Therefore, to reach the 70% dog vaccination coverage goal targeted in rabies elimination programs, awareness campaigns must be combined with free-of-charge mass dog vaccination.

Dog bite

10.1371/journal.pntd.0012064

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Citations (1)

Amélioration de la surveillance de la rage à Madagascar de 2013 à 2021

Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (2023)

D.B. Ranoaritiana N.P. Razafindraibe B.O. Andriambahiny Soa Fy Andriamandimby Manuela Christophère Vololoniaina

10.1016/j.respe.2023.101873

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Citations (0)

Ineffectiveness of international travel restrictions to contain spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant: a continent-wide laboratory-based observational study from Africa

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2024)

Carlo Fischer Tongai Maponga Anges Yadouléton Nuro Abílio Emmanuel Aboce

Background: In mid-November 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant was detected in Southern Africa, prompting international travel restrictions of unclear effectiveness that exacted a substantial economic toll. Methods: Amidst the BA.1 wave, we tested 13,294 COVID-19 patients in 24 African countries between mid-2021 to early 2022 for BA.1 and Delta variants using real-time reverse transcription-PCR tests. The diagnostic precision of the assays was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing in four countries. The observed BA.1 spread was compared to mobility-based mathematical simulations. Findings: By November-December 2021, BA.1 had replaced the Delta variant in all African sub-regions following a South-North gradient, with a median Rt of 2.4 up to 30 days before BA.1 became predominant. PCR-based South-North spread was in agreement with phylogeographic reconstructions relying on 939 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from GISAID. PCR-based reconstructions of country-level BA.1 predominance correlated significantly in time with the emergence of BA.1 genomic sequences on GISAID (p=0.0035, cor=0.70). First BA.1 detections in affluent settings beyond Africa were predicted adequately in time by mobility-based mathematical simulations (p<0.0001). BA.1-infected inbound travelers departing from five continents were identified in five Western countries and one Northern African country by late November/early December 2021, highlighting fast global BA.1 spread aided by international travel. Interpretation: Unilateral travel bans were poorly effective because by the time they came into effect, BA.1 was already widespread in Africa and beyond. PCR-based variant typing combined with mobility-based mathematical modelling can inform rapidly and cost-efficiently on Rt, spread to inform non-pharmaceutical interventions.

10.1101/2024.02.27.24303356

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Citations (0)

Surveillance and control of rabies in La Reunion, Mayotte, and Madagascar

Veterinary Research (2013)

Soa Fy Andriamandimby Jean‐Michel Héraud Ravo Ramiandrasoa Maherisoa Ratsitorahina Jhon H Rasambainarivo

Mayotte and La Reunion islands are currently free of animal rabies and surveillance is performed by the French Human and Veterinary Public Health Services. However, dog rabies is still enzootic in Madagascar with 4 to 10 confirmed human cases each year. The number of antirabies medical centres in Madagascar is still scarce to provide easy access to the local population for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. Furthermore, stray dog populations are considerable and attempts to control rabies by mass campaigns of dog vaccination have not received sufficient attention from the national health authorities. To address these challenges, an expanded program to control rabies needs to be initiated by the Malagasy authorities.

Enzootic

One Health

10.1186/1297-9716-44-77

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Citations (16)

Detection in and circulation of Bluetongue virus among domestic ruminants in Madagascar

Veterinary Microbiology (2015)

Soa Fy Andriamandimby Cyril Viarouge Jean-Pierre Ravalohery Jean‐Marc Reynes Corinne Sailleau

Seroprevalence

Rift Valley Fever

10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.02.009

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