Growth and development in utero is a complex and dynamic process that requires interaction between the mother organism and the fetus. The delivery of macro--and micronutrients, oxygen and endocrine signals has crucial importance for providing a high level of proliferation, growth and differentiation of cells, and a disruption in food intake not only has an influence on the growth of the fetus, but also has negative consequences for the offspring’s health in the future. Diseases that traditionally are linked to inappropriate life style of adults, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and arterial hypertension, can be "programmed" in the early stage of life and the disturbed growth of the fetus leads to the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. The structural changes of some organs, such as the brain, pancreas and kidney, modifications of the signaling and metabolic pathways in skeletal muscles and in fatty tissue, epigenetic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction are the basis of the metabolic disruptions. The programming of the metabolic disturbances is connected with the disruption in the intrauterine environment experienced in the early and late gestation period. It causes the changes in deposition of triglycerides, activation of the hormonal "stress axis" and disturbances in the offspring’s glucose tolerance. The present review summarizes experimental results that led to the identification of the above-mentioned links and it underlines the role of animal models in the studies of this important concept.
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of different feed rations on growth rate, feed conversion, and variation in body weights in juvenile pike, Esox lucius (L.), cultured in a recirculating system. Three different feed rations were used in the experiment: 0.5% (group L), 0.8% (group O), and 1.1% (group H) of fish biomass. The fish in each group were fitted with Carlin tags and classified according to size as individuals that were small (class S) with a mean body weight of 63.0 g, medium (class M) at 90.7 g, and large (class L) at 137.2 g. After eight weeks of culture, the fish from group O had the highest mean body weight. The final body weight in this group was 7% higher than that in group H and 22.5% higher than that in group L. Differences were also noted among groups with regard to daily (DGR) and specific (SGR) growth rates in body weight and in the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The results indicate that the best culture effects of pike weighing a mean of 100 g and held at a water temperature of 22.5C were obtained with a daily feed ration of 0.8% of the fish biomass. This ration did not result in increased pike size variation, and it permitted obtaining the greatest increases in body mass in each size group.
The aim of this experiment was to assess the impact live and formulated diets had on the growth and survival of larval Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill. In the first experiment, the results of feeding the fish decapsulated (group D) and undecapsulated (group ND) Artemia sp. cysts were compared. Increases in the body weights and lengths of the fish fed decapsulated and undecapsulated Artemia sp. were similar at values that were not statistically significant. Survival in the larval group fed undecapsulated Artemia was higher in comparison to the group fed decapsulated Artemia (95.0 and 82.8%, respectively). In the second experiment, three commercial starter feeds were used: Aller ArtEX (Aller Aqua, Poland; group A), Nutra HP (Skretting, France; group H), and Perla Prolarvae (Spa Hendrix, Italy; group P). Following 35 days of culture, no differences were noted in fish growth with lengths in the different groups ranging from 28 to 30 mm and weights from 119 to 134 mg. Fish survival in group A was 55% and was significantly statistically higher than that in groups H and P at 31.7 and 35.7%, respectively. The results of the experiment suggest that the best feed for the early stages of Atlantic sturgeon culture is undecapsulated Artemia during the beginning of exogenous feeding followed by an Artemia-based feed in the initial period of feeding with formulated diets.
The ecological consequences of hatchery rearing have been widely studied, whereas there are relatively few investigations of the impact diets and culture conditions have on morphological variation, especially in rare or endangered species. The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of diet and culture conditions on the morphometric features of crucian carp (Carassius carassius), which is a species characterised by a highly variable body shape. In the first experiment, the impact of feed type on crucian carp's body shape was tested, while in the second, the impact of culture conditions on the body shape was determined. Feed type and culture conditions significantly impacted the shape and the morphology of crucian carp. Fish-fed larval chironomids exhibited the least variation in biometric characters, while those fed high-energy-formulated feed exhibited the greatest variation. In turn, individuals cultured in ponds exhibited greater variability in measurable characters than did fish cultured in recirculating systems. The body depth index of fish fed different feeds or cultured under controlled conditions did not differ significantly in comparison to wild crucian carp. The phenotypes of the cultured fish from the two experiments were similar to those of individuals inhabiting the natural environment.
Polish fiscal administration is forced to implement more updated IT tools and various system solutions which are to limit the grey area and stabilise tax earnings to the state budget.In 2017, within the changes in VAT, new solutions were implemented in order to limit the tax frauds and improve collectability of VAT tax.Key words: fiscal administration
Sturgeon farming is a rapidly developing aquaculture sector which requires high-quality feeds. As an ingredient of animal feeds, fishmeal is often replaced with cheaper plant-based protein sources, such as rapeseed cake meal, a by-product of canola oil pressing. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of diets containing various levels of rapeseed cake meal on the juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) growth, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as muscle composition. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted on fish with average body weight of 216.2 ± 45.7 g. Fish were fed diets were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of fish meal and soybean meal were replaced with rapeseed meal (groups A, B, C, and D, respectively). Additionally in E diet (30% rapeseed meal) effects of phytase addition RENOZYME® HiPhos 20000 in concentration 2000 IU was tested. During the experiment, no mortalities were observed in each of the studied groups. Similar values of morphometric and breeding parameters were observed in groups A, B, C, D and E. No hematological effects of rapeseed diets occurred, except for significantly lower erythroblast levels in groups B, C, D, and E compared to A. Group B showed a higher plasma glucose concentration compared to the other groups. ALT activity in groups D and E were lower than in groups A, B, and C. The muscles of individuals from group B showed the highest dry matter and fat content, while the highest protein content occurred in group C. Despite significant differences in the values of some parameters, the obtained results indicate that the replacement of 10–30% of fishmeal with rapeseed meal in the feed for the juvenile Siberian sturgeon did not compromise fish survivability, growth performance, health, or body composition, although phytase addition did not improve the effects of administering rapeseed-containing feed.
Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation after salvage treatment with DT -PACE in myeloma patients relapsing early after autologous transplant Prognostic relevance of oxidative stress measurement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemiaThe prognostic value of a trend in modified SOFA score for patients with hematological malignancies in the intensive care unit Differential expression of homologous recombination DNA repair genes in the early and advanced stages of myelodysplastic syndrome Direct acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with or without aplastic anemia Validation of an algorithm identifying incident primary immune thrombocytopenia in the French national health insurance database Persisting hyperbilirubinemia in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ( PNH ) chronically treated with eculizumab: The role of hepatocanalicular transporter variants Bone marrow harvest from unrelated donors-up-to-date methodology Morphological features of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I: The role of electron microscopy in diagnosis Thrombopoietin receptor agonist switch in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia patients: A retrospective collaborative survey involving 4 Spanish centres
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of different light intensities on the results of rearing juvenile pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In experiment I, the light intensities applied were 45.1 lx (group LI) and 385.7 lx (group HI) (initial body weight - 6.1 g), while in experiment II they were 1.2 lx (group LII) and 8.0 lx (group HII) (initial body weight - 42.2 g). In both experiments, the fish reared in the tanks with lower light intensity (groups LI and LII) exhibited faster growth rates (P 0.05). The results obtained indicate that the application of low intensity light ( 6 g) rearing is justified since it has a positive impact on the behavior and growth rate of the fish, and the feed conversion ratio, which implies that it is possible to shorten the rearing period of this species.
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