N-Arylbenzamidrazones reacted with 2-(ethoxymethylene)malononitriles in ethanol/DMF (20:1), catalyzed by triethylamine (Et3N), to give 65-81% yields of the corresponding pyrazoles.The structures of the products were proved by IR, mass, and NMR spectra and elemental analyses.Two-dimensional NMR correlations were used to differentiate between possible structures.The reaction mechanism is also discussed.
Introduction: The evidence about the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with left-main coronary artery (LMCA) disease and impaired renal function is limited. Thus, we aimed to compare the outcomes of LMCA disease revascularization (PCI vs. CABG) in patients with and without impaired renal function. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2138 patients recruited from 14 centers between 2015 to 2019. We compared patients with impaired renal function who had PCI (n= 316) to those who had CABG (n= 121) and compared patients with normal renal function who had PCI (n= 906) to those who had CABG (n= 795). The study outcomes were in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital MACCE was significantly higher in CABG compared to PCI in patients with impaired renal function [OR: 8.13 (95% CI: 4.19- 15.76), P<0.001] and normal renal function [OR: 2.59 (95% CI: 1.79- 3.73); P<0.001]. There were no differences in follow-up MACCE between CABG and PCI in patients with impaired renal function [HR: 1.14 (95% CI: 0.71- 1.81), P= 0.585] and normal renal function [HR: 1.12 (0.90- 1.39), P= 0.312]. Conclusions: PCI could have an advantage over CABG in revascularization of LMCA disease in patients with impaired renal function regarding in-hospital MACCE. The follow-up MACCE was comparable between PCI and CABG in patients with impaired and normal renal function.
The review summarizes recent literatures dealing with the synthetic tools of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives including their biological activities and their applications in the synthesis of heterocycles.
Background: Violence against children and adolescents represents a public health problem with serious compromises on physical and mental health, as well as for human development, Essential actions have to be taken to address this problem. Aim of The Work:To test the hypothesis that domestic violence is contributed in presence of Conduct disorder in theEgyptian adolescents.Patient and Methods: The study was conducted on two samples.The first (the control sample) consisted of 50 adolescents from the admitted cases in the orthopedic department at Al-Hussein University Hospital and Sayed Galal University Hospital Cairo, Egypt.Their ages ranged from 12 to 18 years.They were subject to the conditions of inclusion in the sample.And the second (cases) consists of 50 adolescents who suffer from conduct disorder according to DSM5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Kid.Results: By conducting more statistical analyses on the questionnaire results, We note that there are statistically significant differences between the conduct disorder variable and the types of domestic violence (physical -verbal -social -economic -the threat of violence) for all members of the sample.The results showed statistically significant between the conduct disorder variable and the total degree of domestic violence among all sample members.Conclusion: Adolescents are exposed to all typed domestic violence (physical, verbal, social, economic, the threat of violence), and there are statically significant results between the conduct disorder and domestic violence.
In this paper, an efficient numerical method to solve a system of linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations of the second kind based on Bernoulli wavelet method (BWM) is proposed. Bernoulli wavelets have been generated by dilation and translation of Bernoulli polynomials. The aim of this paper is to apply Bernoulli wavelet method to obtain approximate solutions of a system of linear Fredholm fuzzy integral equations. First we introduce properties of Bernoulli wavelets and Bernoulli polynomials, then we used it to transform the integral equations to the system of algebraic equations. The error estimates of the proposed method is given and compared by solving some numerical examples.
Purpose: To synthesize a series of novel thiazolo pyrimidine derivatives and evaluate them in vitro and in vivo for their safety and anti-leishmanial activity using BALB/c mice.Methods: Substituted pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazolopyrazole were synthesized by reacting amino group of 2-amino-4-cyano-pyrazol]naphthalino[1,2-d]thiazole with a variety of formamide or hydrazine hydrate. The synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). The purity of the compounds was determined by elemental analysis. Safety and anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds were determined in vitro by i) viability assessment of leishmania-infected macrophages, relative abundance of IL-12p40 mRNA gene expression and levels of IL10 /IL-12 determination in supernatants of cultured macrophages treated with 2.5 and 10 μM of the compounds, using microscope cell counting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. ii) cytotoxicity of the compounds evaluated by determination the safety index as IC50 of the compound in macrophages/IC50 of the compound in amastigotes. iii) bioassay at 16 weeks post-infection of mice treated with the reference drug, the tested compound alone and both the compound with IL-12. Disease progression and footpad thickness were evaluated regularly during treatment.Results: Compound 4 emerged as the most active anti-protozoal compound of the series against Leishmania viability (activity 60 %) compared with the reference drug (activity 65 %). When it was combined with IL-12, the activity reached 90 %.Conclusion: Compound 4 can serve as a lead molecule for further development to a clinically useful novel class of agents.Keywords: Thiazolopyrimidine, Synthesis, Leishmaniasis, Mice, Immunotherapy
Aims The impact of left ventricular dysfunction on clinical outcomes following revascularization is not well established in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCA). In this study, we evaluated the impact of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on clinical outcomes of patients with ULMCA requiring revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methods The details of the design, methods, end points, and relevant definitions are outlined in the Gulf Left Main Registry: a retrospective, observational study conducted between January 2015 and December 2019 across 14 centres in 3 Gulf countries. In this study, the data on patients with ULMCA who underwent revascularization through PCI or CABG were stratified by LVEF into three main subgroups; low (l-LVEF <40%), mid-range (m-LVEF 40–49%), and preserved (p-LVEF ≥50%). Primary outcomes were hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and mortality and follow-up MACCE and mortality. Results A total of 2137 patients were included; 1221 underwent PCI and 916 had CABG. During hospitalization, MACCE was significantly higher in patients with l-LVEF [(10.10%), P = 0.005] and m-LVEF [(10.80%), P = 0.009], whereas total mortality was higher in patients with m-LVEF [(7.40%), P = 0.009] and p-LVEF [(7.10%), P = 0.045] who underwent CABG. There was no mortality difference between groups in patients with l-LVEF. At a median follow-up of 15 months, there was no difference in MACCE and total mortality between patients who underwent CABG or PCI with p-LVEF and m-LVEF. Conclusion CABG was associated with higher in-hospital events. Hospital mortality in patients with l-LVEF was comparable between CABG and PCI. At 15 months’ follow-up, PCI could have an advantage in decreasing MACCE in patients with l-LVEF.