Background and Objectives. To compare the corneal endothelial morphology and anterior segment parameters in type 1 diabetes mellitus children (T1DM) and healthy controls. Methods. This cross-sectional prospective study included 56 patients with T1DM and 50 eyes of 50 age-matched controls. Endothelial morphology was analyzed with EM-3000 specular microscopy, and anterior parameters were analyzed with Sirius Scheimpflug topography. Endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV) of cell area, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA), K1 and K2, pupillary diameter (PD), horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), duration of T1DM, and HbA1c levels were noted. Results. The mean age of the T1DM group was 14.3 ± 3.2 years, compared to 13.2 ± 3.7 years in the healthy group (p = 0.140). The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 4.5 ± 3.5 years. The mean HbA1c was 9.5 ± 1.9% (minimum 6%, maximum 14%). The mean values of CCT were 556 ± 30 μm and 536 ± 36 μm in T1DM and healthy groups, respectively (p = 0.003). The mean values of ACD were 3.69 ± 0.31 mm and 3.83 ± 0.27 mm in T1DM and healthy groups, respectively (p = 0.02). The mean values of PD were 4.29 ± 1.2 mm and 5.17 ± 1.36 mm in T1DM and healthy groups, respectively (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of ECD, CV, ICA, K1, K2, and HVID (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Type 1 diabetes mellitus children have thicker corneas, shallower anterior chamber depth, and smaller pupillary diameter than healthy subjects.
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common autoinflammatory disease in children, is characterized by recurrent febrile episodes. FMF is known to progress with chronic inflammation, particularly during attack periods. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of S100A12, an inflammatory marker, with attacks and inflammatory events in FMF patients.The study included 57 patients diagnosed with FMF, 43 in an attack-free period and 14 in an attack period, and 31 healthy children as the control group. Only white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and S100A12 level were analyzed in the control group. In addition, serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen levels were measured, and a mutation analysis was performed in the patient group. The results were compared among the attack-free period, acute attack FMF and control groups.The mean age of patients and control group was 10 (2.5–18) and 9.5 (2.5–16) years, respectively. The CRP (p = 0.001), S100A12 (p = 0.003) and ESR (p= 0.001) values differed significantly between the FMF and control groups. S100A12 level (p = 0.027), WBC count (p = 0.003), CRP level (p = 0.0001), ESR (p = 0.004), and fibrinogen level (p = 0.001) differed significantly between the acute attack and attack-free period groups. SAA level (p = 0.05), ESR (p = 0.001), fibrinogen level (p = 0.001), WBC count (p = 0.001), and S100A12 level (p = 0.027) were higher in M694V homozygous FMF patients than in other FMF patients.Patients with FMF had higher S100A12 levels than the control group, while the mean S100A12 concentration was higher in acute attack period patients than in attack-free period patients. S100A12 level might be an important indicator in the monitoring of chronic inflammation in patients with FMF.
Background: Appearance of menarche before nine years of age, secondary sex characteristics before 8 in girls and 9 in boys is defined as Precocious Puberty (PP).
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe etiologies, clinical findings, and compare anthropometric properties and biochemical characteristics of children with PP.
Methods: In this single-centre study, 367 patients of whom medical records were reviewed diagnosed as premature thelarche (PT), premature adrenarche (PA), Central PP (CPP), and peripheral PP (PPP). The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory, and radiologic investigations and their follow-up.
Results: During six years, 349 girls (%95,1) and 18 boys (%4,9) diagnosed as PP. The most common etiologies were CPP;127 (%34,6), PT;117 (%31,9), PA;112(%30,5) and PPP 11(%3), respectively. CPP group had significantly higher levels of height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and obesity/overweight incidence, estradiol (E2), basal luteinizing hormone (LH), peak LH, and peak LH/ follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio and higher uterine dimensions compared to the PT group while the PT group had significantly higher levels of peak FSH compared to the CPP group (p
Primary congenital hypothyroidism is frequently seen endocrine disorder and one of the preventable cause of mental retardation. Aim of study was to evaluate the frequency of permanent/transient hypothyrodism, and to detect underlying reason to identfy any marker which carries potential to discriminate permanent/transient form.Forty eight cases older than 3 years of age, diagnosed as primary congenital hypothyroidism and started thyroxin therapy in newborn-period, and followed up between January 2007-June 2013 were included in the study. Thyroid hormon levels were evaluated and thyroid ultrasonography was performed in cases who are at the end of their 3 years of age, after 6 weeks of thyroxine free period. Thyroid sintigraphy was performed if serum thyroid-stimulating hormone was high (≥ 5 mIU/mL) and perchlorate discharge test was performed if uptake was normal or increased on sintigraphy. Cases with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels ≥ 5 mIU/mL were defined as permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group and as transient primary congenital hypothyroidism group with normal thyroid hormones during 6 months.The mean age was 3.8±0.7 years. Mean diagnosis age was 16.6±6.5 days and 14 cases (29.2%) were diagnosed by screening program of Ministry of Health. There were 23 cases (14F, 9M) in permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group and 12 (52.2%) of them were dysgenesis (8 hypoplasia, 4 ectopia), and 11 (47.8%) dyshormonogenesis. In transient primary congenital hypothyroidism group, there were 25 cases (17M, 8F). The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone levels at diagnosis were similar in two groups. The mean thyroxin dose in permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than transient group at the time of thyroxin cessation (2.1±0.7, 1.5±0.5 mg/kg/d, respectively, p=0.004). Thyroxin dose ≥1.6 mcg/kg/d was 72% sensitive and 69.6% specific for predicting permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism.Transient primary congenital hypothyroidism is more frequent than expected and found often in males in the primary congenital hypothyroidism cases, started thyroxin therapy in neonatal period. While fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, Tg levels at diagnosis do not predict transient/permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism, thyroxin dose before the therapy cessation at the age of 3 may make the distinction between transient/permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism.