Mohamed H. Sorour

National Research Centre

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Heba A. Hani

National Research Centre

Shadia R. Tewfik

National Research Centre

Hayam F. Shaalan

National Research Centre

Abdelghani M. G. Abulnour

National Research Centre

Marwa M. El Sayed

National Research Centre

H.A. Talaat

National Water Research Center

A.G. Abulnour

National Research Centre

Ghada A. Al Bazedi

American University in Cairo

Nourhan A. Shawky

National Research Centre

Mayyada M. H. El‐Sayed

American University in Cairo

Cooperative Institutions

National Research Centre

National Water Research Center

Cairo University

Sohag University

Ain Shams University

Al-Azhar University

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Agricultural Research Center

Helwan University

Benha University

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Softening of seawater and desalination brines using grafted polysaccharide hydrogels

Desalination and Water Treatment (2014)

Mohamed H. Sorour Heba A. Hani Hayam F. Shaalan Marwa M. El Sayed Mayyada M. H. El‐Sayed

This paper investigates the potential of using polysaccharide hydrogels as softeners for saline solutions of seawater and reverse osmosis desalination brine. Grafting of acrylamide onto alginate and chitosan was conducted using microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation techniques. The produced hydrogels: alginate (Alg-UV and Alg-MW) and chitosan (Ch-UV and Ch-MW) were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Hydrogel products were tested for their swelling behavior in distilled water and saline solutions, and their calcium and magnesium adsorption capacities in the pre-swollen and dry forms were measured in saline solutions. Swelling in distilled water was found to exceed that in saline solutions by 16.7–21-fold. Maximum attained swelling ratios in distilled water were 168 and 173 g/g for Alg-UV and Ch-MW grafted acrylamide hydrogels, respectively. Dry hydrogels had relative selectivity toward calcium adsorption in seawater and magnesium adsorption in brine. Furthermore, pre-swollen hydrogel manifested favorable adsorption for calcium and magnesium when compared to dry hydrogel at the same adsorbate volume. For both dry and pre-swollen hydrogels, maximum calcium adsorption capacities were 54 and 34 mg/g from seawater using Alg-MW and UV-prepared alginate and chitosan hydrogels, respectively. Maximum magnesium adsorption capacities from brine were 280 and 316 mg/g using dry alginate and chitosan hydrogels, respectively, prepared by MW technique. Magnesium adsorption capacities of the prepared hydrogels in brine were higher than those of tested commercial resins. It is concluded that alginate- and chitosan-grafted acrylamide hydrogels are promising softeners for saline solutions.

Distilled water

Brine

Calcium alginate

Artificial seawater

Saline water

10.1080/19443994.2014.947783

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Citations (22)

Economics of Renewable Energy for Water Desalination in Developing Countries

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review (2015)

Enas Raafat Maamoun Shouman Mohamed H. Sorour A.G. Abulnour

The aim of this study is to investigate the economics of renewable energy-powered desalination, as applied to water supply for remote coastal and desert communities in developing countries.In this paper, the issue of integration of desalination technologies and renewable energy from specified sources is addressed.The features of Photovoltaic (PV) system combined with reverse osmosis desalination technology, which represents the most commonly applied integration between renewable energy and desalination technology, are analyzed.Further, a case study for conceptual seawater reverse osmosis (SW-RO) desalination plant with 1000 m 3 /d capacity is presented, based on PV and conventional generators powered with fossil fuel to be installed in a remote coastal area in Egypt, as a typical developing country.The estimated water cost for desalination with PV/ SW-RO system is about $1.25 m 3 , while ranging between $1.22-1.59for SW-RO powered with conventional generator powered with fossil fuel.Analysis of the economical, technical and environmental factors depicts the merits of using large scale integrated PV/RO system as an economically feasible water supply relying upon a renewable energy source.Renewable energy powered desalination-Photovoltaic (PV) -Desalination-Reverse Osmosis (RO) -Economics-Developing countries.

Geothermal desalination

10.25103/jestr.085.29

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Citations (15)

Non-conventional water sources for small remote communities in developing countries

Desalination (1983)

Abdelghani M. G. Abulnour Mohamed H. Sorour F.A. Hammouda Adel M. Abdel Dayem

10.1016/0011-9164(83)87083-0

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Citations (1)

Simulation and optimization of chemically enhanced primary/activated sludge treatment for small communities

International Journal of Environmental Studies (2005)

Safaa Abdelraouf Ahmed Mohamed H. Sorour Shadia R. Tewfik

Over the last two decades, the use of coagulation and flocculation has been emphasized for the enhancement of primary sedimentation in municipal wastewater treatment plants. This work is concerned with the development of an approach for the simulation and optimization of a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT)/activated sludge scheme for municipal wastewater treatment using ferric chloride as a coagulant. A mathematical model has been developed which comprises empirical relations for the CEPT stage based on reported experimental data. The activated sludge model has been based on reported rules of thumb. Optimization has been undertaken using the BOX Complex Routine to minimize a cost objective function with controlling parameters. The effect of varying operating cost components on the cost function has been also assessed via sensitivity analysis. Results indicate that, for small communities, the addition of a CEPT stage is recommended based on technical and economic consideration for current and prospective costs and prices.

Sedimentation

Rule of thumb

10.1080/0020723042000188292

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Citations (2)

Reclamation of secondary treatment effluent by nanofiltration and bentonite adsorption

Desalination and Water Treatment (2013)

Mohamed H. Sorour Hayam F. Shaalan A. G. Aboulnour Heba A. Hani

Abstract Secondary treatment effluent resulting from combined domestic and industrial sewage is characterized by the presence of undesired pollutants such as heavy metals and hazardous organic materials. The disposal and/or reuse of such effluent necessitate further treatment to remove such pollutants. In this paper, an experimental investigation on the treatment of secondary treated wastewater from 6th October city treatment station is presented. The investigated parameters are COD, BOD, TSS, and heavy metals. The experimental treatment includes nanofiltration (NF) using aluminum–titanium ceramic membranes followed by adsorption using sodium and calcium bentonites. The results indicated removal efficiency of NF for COD, BOD, and TSS of 85, 84, and 100%, respectively. Further, the removal efficiencies of heavy metals are 100, 53, 100, and 100% for nickel, zinc, chromium, and lead, respectively. The overall removal efficiencies of heavy metals are 100, 100, 95, and 81% for chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc, respectively. The level of effluent Ni and Zn is less than 0.2 mg/l while Cr and Pb are not detected. A preliminary study for treating 50,000 m3/d of the secondary treatment effluent using NF/adsorption system concluded plant construction cost of about $ 16 million and a unit production cost of $ 0.16/m3. Keywords: Secondary treatment effluentReclamationNanofiltrationBentoniteAdsorptionHeavy metals removal Notes Presented at the Conference on Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production. Leeuwarden, The Netherlands, 10–12 September 2012. Organized by the European Desalination Society and Wetsus Centre for Sustainable Water Technology

Nanofiltration

10.1080/19443994.2013.795347

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Citations (0)

On the solid waste management in small Egyptian cities: approach and recycling perspectives

Resources Conservation and Recycling (1992)

Mahmoud M. El‐Halwagi Shadia R. Tewfik H.A. Talaat A.G. Abulnour Mohamed H. Sorour

solid waste management

Economic feasibility

10.1016/0921-3449(92)90031-v

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Citations (1)

Free radical grafting kinetics of acrylamide onto a blend of starch/chitosan/alginate

Carbohydrate Polymers (2013)

Mohamed H. Sorour Marwa M. El Sayed Nabil Abd El Moneem H.A. Talaat Hayam F. Shaalan

Potassium persulfate

10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.067

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Citations (30)

Swelling Kinetics of Acrylamide Grafted Polysaccharides Blend Hydrogel

Research Square (Research Square) (2023)

Marwa M. El Sayed Mohamed H. Sorour Hayam F. Shaalan

Abstract Hydrogel of polysaccharides blend graft acrylamide (PsB-g-Am) has been synthesized by copolymerization based on a free radical reaction using potassium persulfate (KPS) initiator and methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent under nitrogen atmosphere. The polysaccharides blend (PsB) composed of starch, chitosan and alginate. The produced hydrogels structure have been characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Swelling water ratio (SWR) in distilled water for grafted and hydrolyzed hydrogel with different Am/PsB weight ratios have been studied. Maximum obtained SWR was 140 g/g using Am/PsB weight ratio of 0.96. The present work is also addressed a preliminary study for the swelling kinetics of the produced hydrogel. It was found that, the swelling kinetics obeys first-order kinetics.

Potassium persulfate

Distilled water

Ammonium persulfate

10.21203/rs.3.rs-2800115/v1

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Citations (5)

Preliminary techno-economics assessment of developed desalination/salt recovery facility based on membrane and thermal techniques

Desalination and Water Treatment (2014)

Mohamed H. Sorour Heba A. Hani Hayam F. Shaalan Ghada A. Al Bazedi

Successful management of desalination plants should incorporate integrated processing of seawater feed and brines. An integrated 20,000 m3/d zero desalination discharge (ZDD) facility, merging desalination and salt recovery, has been developed incorporating both membrane and thermal processes. Chemically pretreated seawater has been directed to nanofiltration (NF) separator for almost complete removal of divalent salts. NF brine loaded with magnesium has received further concentration by multiple effect evaporator and the reject obtained from reverse osmosis (RO) processing of NF permeate has been further directed to state-of-the-art ion selective electrodialysis (ED) to enable downstream production of magnesium and sodium salts. The material balance of the developed integrated desalination/salt recovery ZDD facility enabled total water recovery of about 70%. The average product salinity after mixing approached 74 mg/l. The total amount of recovered raw magnesium, calcium and sodium chloride salts were 215, 47 and 754 ton/year, respectively. The financial indicators revealed that the total capital and annual operating and maintenance costs (O&M) as well as unit cost were 99.5 M$, 13 M$/year and 2.48 $/m3, respectively. The total annual revenues of water and chemicals approached 27.5 M$/year. Thus, the initial net profit was about 11.1 M$/year. About 0.98 $/m3 could be realized via selling of recovered salts. These results confirm the promising features of the developed desalination/salt recovery ZDD facility. It is worth mentioning that with different possible financial risk factors, such as market fluctuations and taxes, the net profit would decrease to approach 7.7 M$/year and 3.1 M$/year, respectively.

Brine

Nanofiltration

Total dissolved solids

10.1080/19443994.2014.947775

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Citations (19)

Effect of Some Post-Harvest Treatments on Quality Attributes of Sugar Beet during Storage under Toshka Region Conditions

Egyptian Journal of Food Science (2021)

Elsayed Mahmoud Abul elhamed Mehanni Mohamed H. Sorour Sakina Abazid Noha Gaber

Agricultural Research Station (DARS), Toshka region, Aswan Governorate.The effect of post-harvest treatments; covering with leaves and dipping in Ca(OH) 2 (1%), during storage periods (0, 2, 4 and 6 days) on quality characteristics of some sugar beet varieties (Oscar poly, Athospoly, Sarah, Ravel and Friancesca) under Toshka region conditions was investigated.The results showed that Post-harvest treatments had a significant effect on weight loss, sucrose, purity, losing sugars for molasses, sugar recovery and beet quality percentages.The best values of all studied traits were recorded for the roots that covered with leaves.Sucrose, purity, sugar recovery and beet quality percentages significantly decreased (P<0.05) while losing of weight and sugar percentages for molasses increased as a storage period increased up to 6 days.Concerning sugar beet varieties, Athospoly sugar beet variety was showed superiority over the other varieties in sucrose (60.37 and 69.82 %) and sugar recovery (52.35 and 59.23%).Ravel variety was recorded the best values for purity (92.81 and 92.70%) and beet quality (86.49 and 85.94%), while Friancesca variety was recorded the lowest values for weight loss percentage (14.21and 14.09%).

10.21608/ejfs.2021.92818.1110

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Citations (1)