The authors analyze the findings of examinations of 350 patients of a climacteric and menopausal age, suffering from uterine fibromyomas. Special attention has been paid to patients with an asymptomatic course of fibromyoma during the menopause. Such patients are not referred to risk group by gynecologists, but analysis of the cytologic findings has revealed a high share (38.1%) of atypical proliferations and of proliferations suspected to eventuate in cancer. This fact has necessitated more thorough examinations and follow-up of this patient population. The authors consider that patients with asymptomatic uterine fibromyomas should be considered as a risk group in respect of developing endometrial carcinoma. Cytologic investigations of the uterine cavity aspiration biopsy specimens should be one of the first steps in examinations of women with abnormalities of the endometrium.
Oncologic screenings of the populations in the areas with increased incidence of esophageal cancer have revealed Barrett's ulcer in 1 percent of the examinees. Endoscopic and cytologic characteristics of this condition are presented. Precancer changes--severe dysplasia--are most frequent in male Kazakhs (14.1 percent) aged 50 to 59 (14.7 percent). Subjects with Barrett's ulcer developing severe dysplasia, as evidenced by cytograms, should be included in the group of subjects at risk for carcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus and cardia.
On the basis of exfoliative cytology material of 62 patients with precancerous esophageal diseases 3 stages of esophageal dysplasia were determined: mild, moderate and severe. In order to establish the stage of dysplastic alteration the author used morphological, functional, morphometric and cytochemical criteria. Cytologic criteria suggest by the author are objective indicies to find out early malignancy of esophageal epithelium. The usage of the above mentioned criteria enable to distinguish earlier forms of cancer of the esophagus and permits to lower the number of advanced cases.
The paper discusses the first experience with fiber bronchoscope--mediated sampling for histologic examination in 183 cases of central carcinoma of the lung. As a result, cancer was histologically identified in 98.9% and cytologically verified in 60.2%. Complex histologic and cytologic examination reliably established central carcinoma of the lung in 100%. Cancer was detected in 51.3-72% of bronchial biopsies (mean--64.7%).
