Studies in China on ethnic disparities in access to health care in remote and rural population remain insufficient. This study aimed to assess the disparities in utilization of maternal and child health (MCH) services, including antenatal care (ANC), hospital birth, child growth monitoring, and immunization compliance between Han and ethnic minority women in Yunnan Province.A multi-stage sampling scheme was used to randomly recruit women from 40 townships in 14 remote prefectures of extremely remote areas in Yunnan. From birth records, we identified and recruited 303 Han women and 222 ethnic minority women who had given birth to a child within 3 years for an interview.Overall, 96% of women used the ANC checkups and more than 95% had infants born in hospitals. However, the proportion of women compliant with early ANC visits (having antenatal care in the first trimester) was 22.5% lower in minority women than in Han women (61.3% vs. 83.8%, p < 0.001) with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.13-3.66) for the minority group. The proportion of children under one year old with immunizations completed in a timely manner was also lower in minority families than in Han families (80.2% vs. 86.8%, p < 0.05) with an aOR of 1.99 (95% CI = 1.16-3.40).Ethnic disparities remain in utilization of early ANC visits and timely immunization completion for newborns. Ethnic minority women tended to lag behind for both. Further intervention should focus on assisting minority women living in extremely rural areas to comply with the MCH policy. Culturally-sensitive policies and skills are needed, and priority should be given to improve utilization of early ANC and timely immunization completion.
ความสมพนธของปจจยการรอดชวตของผบาดเจบจากอบตเหตจราจรทเขารบการรกษา ณ โรงพยาบาลระดบตตยภมแหงหนงในจงหวดภเกตพนมวรรณ วงศวฒนกจ 1, จารวรรณ ธาดาเดช 2, อรณรกษ มใย3, ไพบลย สรยะวงศไพศาล41 นกศกษาหลกสตรวทยาศาสตรมหาบณฑต (สาธารณสขศาสตร) สาขาวชาการบรหารสาธารณสข คณะสาธารณสขศาสตร มหาวทยาลยมหดล2ภาควชาบรหารงานสาธารณสข คณะสาธารณสขศาสตร มหาวทยาลยมหดล 3ภาควชาระบาดวทยา คณะสาธารณสขศาสตร มหาวทยาลยมหดล4ภาควชาเวชศาสตรชมชน คณะแพทยศาสตรโรงพยาบาลรามาธบด มหาวทยาลยมหดลหลกการและวตถประสงค: อบตเหตจราจรเปนปญหาสาธารณสขของประเทศไทยทสงผลตอการบาดเจบ พการและสญเสยชวต การศกษานตองการเปรยบเทยบปจจยทอาจมความสมพนธกบการรอดชวตของผบาดเจบจากอบตเหตจราจรทโรงพยาบาลระดบตตยภมแหงหนงในจงหวดภเกตวธการศกษา: ศกษาขอมลทตยภมยอนหลงจากขอมลระบบการแพทยฉกเฉนและขอมลบนทกการเฝาระวงการบาดเจบของโรงพยาบาลตตยภมในจงหวดภเกต ตงแต 1 มกราคม 2556 ถง 31 ธนวาคม 2558 และวเคราะหขอมลดวยสถตพรรณนา สถต Chi Square, Mann Whitney U test และ Multiple Logistic Regressionโดยใชโปรแกรม SPSS version 18ผลการศกษา: ผบาดเจบอบตเหตจราจร 2,067 ราย เปนเพศชายมากกวาเพศหญง (สดสวน 2:1) รอยละ 35.3 อาย16 - 25 ป พาหนะทเกดอบตเหตสงสด รอยละ 90.8 คอรถจกรยานยนต เมอเปรยบเทยบปจจยความแตกตางระหวางผรอดชวตและผเสยชวตพบวา 1) ระยะเวลาทไดรบปฏบตการฉกเฉน (Response time) 2) Revise Trauma Score (RTS) 3) Injury Severity Score (ISS) และ4) Probability of Survivor (Ps) มความแตกตางอยางมนยสำคญทางสถต (p < 0.05) และ Revise Trauma Score (RTS) มความสมพนธกบการรอดชวตอยางมนยสำคญทางสถต (OR 3.33 95 % CI 2.22–5.06)สรป: ระยะเวลาทไดรบปฏบตการฉกเฉน (Response time) คะแนนความรนแรงการบาดเจบ Revise Trauma Score (RTS) , Injury Severity Score (ISS) และ Probability of Survivor (Ps) ของผรอดชวตมคาแตกตางกบผเสยชวตและ Revise Trauma Score (RTS) เปนเพยงปจจยเดยวทมความสมพนธกบการรอดชวต Background and Objective: Traffic accidents were a major public health problem that can cause injury, disability or death in Thailand. This study aims to compare factors relating to survival among traumatic patients at the tertiary care hospital admitted for traffic injury in Phuket province.Methods: This retrospective study using secondary data collected from the Emergency medical services system and Injury Surveillance records from the tertiary care hospital in Phuket from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2015. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, Chi Square, Mann Whitney U test and Multiple Logistic Regression Using SPSS version18Results: Total of traffic injured patients 2,067 cases showed that male patients were more than female with the ratio of 2:1, the majority of age ranged from 16 to 25 (35.3 %) and the most common vehicle in the accidents was the motorcycle (90.8%). There were significant different (p<0.05) in response time, Revise Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Probability of Survivor (Ps) between the survivors and deaths patient.Revise Trauma Score (RTS) was found to be significantly associated with the survivors (OR 3.33, 95 % CI 2.22-5.06)Conclusion: Response times, Revise Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Probability of Survivor (Ps) were significant different in the survival group compared with the death group. RTS was the only factor found to be significantly associated with the survivors
This study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction, work-life balance, and retention of generation Y support staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. The questionnaire used for this study consisted of 4 parts: 1) personal characteristics; 2) job satisfaction; 3) work-life balance; and 4) employee retention. Data for this cross-sectional study was collected between March 10 to April 17, 2022. The study includes 962 participants, of whom 544 were recruited using a stratified sampling method. SPSS version 18 was used to analyze the data, and the statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The result showed that job satisfaction, work-life balance, and employee retention mean scores were moderate. Age, income adequacy, job satisfaction, and work-life balance significantly correlated with the retention of generation Y staff. Moreover, job satisfaction and work-life balance were statistically significant predictors and predicted 57.1% retention of generation Y support staff. These results suggest that the Faculty of Dentistry should focus on improving job satisfaction and work-life balance for generation Y support staff to prevent them from leaving the organization.
Abstract Background Based on the Nudge Theory, an individual could make better decisions by offering small changes to the choices offered that could lead to dramatic changes in their behaviors. A cardiovascular risk score could be added to the employee health checkup report and become a good nudge for smoking employees. This study aimed to compare the effect of various personalized cardiovascular risk score reports on employee smoking cessation. Methods This three-arm randomized controlled trial recruited smoking employees of a 600-bed hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and was conducted during January-April, 2020. The cardiovascular risk score of each participant was calculated by using the 2013 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines. While a conventional annual checkup report was provided to all participants, intervention group A also received both smoking-positive and smoking-negative risk scores whereas intervention group B also received a smoking-positive risk score. The number of cigarettes was collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. The changes in the number of cigarettes were analyzed by using repeated measure ANOVA. Results Thirty-six smoking employees were recruited (mean age 35.67±10.54 years; male 97.2%). Two-third (66.7%) had a low cardiovascular risk. The participants smoked 53.03±47.88 cigarettes per week and 66.7% did not have the intention to quit smoking. For Group A, the number of cigarettes significantly reduced by 19.58 (p = 0.04), 28.92 (p = 0.00), and 35.50 (p = 0.00) at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively. For Group B, the number of cigarettes reduced by 14.25 (p = 0.13), 21.35 (p = 0.03), and 18.08 (p = 0.06) at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively. For Group C, the number of cigarettes increased by 0.42 (p = 0.96), 5.89 (p = 0.54), and 12.44 (p = 0.20) at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk score in an employee checkup report could be a simple yet effective intervention for smoking cessation. Key messages Based on the Nudge Theory, an individual could make healthier decisions by offering small changes to the choices offered that could lead to a reduction in cigarette consumption. Cardiovascular risk score in an employee checkup report could be a simple yet effective intervention for smoking cessation.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess job satisfaction of nurses working at hospitals in South Kordofan State, Sudan and its relationship with transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. Design: Cross-sectional survey research. Methods: This study collected data from 184 nurses working at four hospitals in South Kordofan State, Sudan, using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze general characteristics and association between transformational and transactional leadership behaviors and job satisfaction. Main findings: Almost half of the nurses (46.2%) had low levels of job satisfaction. They also predominantly reported low levels of transformational leadership (38.6%) and transactional leadership (52.2%). Job satisfaction was positively correlated with both transformational (r = .75; p < .001) and transactional leadership behaviors (r = .71; p < .001). Conclusion and recommendations: Strong correlations between leadership behaviors and job satisfaction of nurses in Sudan suggest a solution to help alleviate the nursing shortage problem in South Kordofan State, Sudan. With good leadership behaviors, nurses would be more likely satisfied with the working conditions and would not only be willing to stay, but also perform their best to provide high quality care to their patients.
This cross- sectional survey research aimed to assess the level of job happiness and study the factorsinfluencing the job happiness of primary care personnel in Samutprakarn province. The sample was 315primary care personnel at the primary care level of the Samutprakarn Provincial Public Health Office,Ministry of Public Health. Tools used to assess the level of job happiness was adapted from “Happinometer”.The data was analyzed by using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions.The results showed that the overall level of job happiness of primary care personnel in Samutprakarn provincewas rather high, and the factors influencing the job happiness were family income (Adj OR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.14-5.17), job significance (Adj OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.10-4.24) and work environment (Adj OR = 3.27, 95% CI:1.57-6.83). Therefore, the Ministry of Public Health should support welfare and work environment with theneeds of officers, and should encourage the officers to realize the significance of primary care
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate outcome of the mean length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department (ED) and rate of ED discharge for nonhigh risk heart failure (HF) patient pre- and post implementation of the emergency room observation unit (EROU). The medical and related records of all the adult patients who visited the ED in one urban university-affiliated hospital from October 2010 through September 2014 were reviewed on a specially designed form comprising 1) patient sociodemographics 2) patients' conditions on ED visit and 3) EDLOS. A total of 950 eligible patients meeting the established criteria were included in the study. The pre-EROU group of 455 patients (attending the ED between October 2010 and September 2012) and the post group of 495 patients (attending the ED between October 2012 and September 2014). Chi square and Log rank test were used to analyze data. The implementation of the EROU significantly decreased overall mean EDLOS among nonhigh risk HF patients from 12 hours and 40 minutes to 10 hours and 53 minutes (p = 0.004).The percentage of nonhigh risk HF patients discharged home from the ED decreased significantly from 67.7% to 49.1% (p <0.001) whereas the percentage admitted to the medical inpatient unit remained unchanged. In conclusion, the implementing an EROU in ED can shorten the overall EDLOS and decrease rate of discharge home from ED among nonhigh risk HF patients. การลดระยะเวลาการใหบรการของหองฉกเฉนในผปวยภาวะหวใจวายประเภททไมมความเสยงสง ดวยหองสงเกตอาการในหองฉกเฉน การศกษาครงนเปนการศกษาแบบยอนหลงเพอประเมนผลของคาเฉลยระยะเวลาการใหบรการ และอตราการจำหนายผปวยภาวะหวใจวายประเภททไมมความเสยงสง กอนและขณะมหองสงเกตอาการในหองฉกเฉน เกบขอมลดวยแบบบนทกขอมลจากเวชระเบยนผปวยนอกในผปวยหวใจวายทกคนทมาหองฉกเฉนของโรงพยาบาลมหาวทยาลยแหงหนง ตงแตเดอนตลาคม พ.ศ.2553 ถงกนยายน พ.ศ.2557 ไดแก 1) ขอมลสวนบคคล 2) คณลกษณะของการมายงหองฉกเฉน และ3) ระยะเวลาการใหบรการของหองฉกเฉน กลมตวอยางเปนไปตามเกณฑคดเขาจำนวน 950 คน แบงเปนกลมกอนมหองสงเกตอาการ(เดอนตลาคม พ.ศ.2553 ถงกนยายน พ.ศ.2555) จำนวน 455 คน และกลมขณะมหองสงเกตอาการ(เดอนตลาคม พ.ศ.2555 ถงกนยายน พ.ศ.2557) จำนวน 495 คน วเคราะหขอมลดวยสถตไคสแควร และ Log rank พบวาเมอมหองสงเกตอาการผปวยหวใจวายนมคาเฉลยระยะเวลาการใหบรการของหองฉกเฉนลดลงอยางมนยสำคญจาก 12 ชวโมง 40 นาทเปน10 ชวโมง 53 นาท (p = 0.004) และอตราการนอนรอกลบบานจากหองฉกเฉนลดลงอยางมนยสำคญจากรอยละ 67.7 เปนรอยละ 49.1 (p < 0.001) แตอตราการรบไวในหอผปวยในอายรกรรมไมเปลยนแปลง สรปไดวาการมหองสงเกตอาการสามารถลดระยะเวลาการใหบรการและลดอตราการนอนรอกลบบานในหองฉกเฉนของผปวยหวใจวายได
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