To clarify the mode of antifungal action of NND-318, a new imidazole antimycotic, the effect of the agent on ergosterol synthesis in Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans was examined, and compared to that of bifonazole.NND-318 was found to interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibition of sterol C-14 demethylation. In terms of drug concentrations exerting 50% inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, NND-318 was ≥25 times stronger than bifonazole.

Bifonazole

Ergosterol

Econazole

Lanosterol

10.3314/jjmm.33.349

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Citations (3)

Short-term topical therapy of experimental tinea pedis in guinea pigs with lanoconazole, a new imidazole antimycotic agent

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1995)

Yoshimi Niwano T Tabuchi Kazuo Kanai Hiroshi Hamaguchi Kazuyuki Uchida

The therapeutic efficacy of short-term treatment with a 1% cream of lanoconazole, a new imidazole antimycotic agent, in comparison with that of a 1% cream of terbinafine was evaluated in the guinea pig model of tinea pedis. Each agent was topically applied once a day for 3 or 7 consecutive days, starting on day 10 postinfection, and a culture study was conducted on day 5 after the last treatment with each agent. The 1% cream of lanoconazole was as highly effective as the 1% cream of terbinafine in terms of eradicating the fungi from the infected feet.

Terbinafine

10.1128/aac.39.10.2353

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Citations (18)

Bactericidal Action of Photoirradiated Gallic Acid via Reactive Oxygen Species Formation

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2012)

Keisuke Nakamura Yasutomo Yamada Hiroyo Ikai Taro Kanno Keiichi Sasaki

It is known that gallic acid shows antimicrobial activity. In the present study, photoirradiation induced reactive oxygen species formation was investigated for augmentation of the antimicrobial activity of gallic acid. Staphylococcus aureus suspended in 4 mmol/L gallic acid was exposed to blue light of a LED at 400 nm. This treatment killed the bacteria, and a >5-log reduction of the viable counts was observed within 15 min. By contrast, neither the LED treatment alone nor the treatment with gallic acid alone showed substantial bactericidal effect. When hydroxyl radical scavengers were added to the suspension, the bactericidal effect of photoirradiated gallic acid was attenuated. Furthermore, electron spin resonance analysis demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals were generated by the photoirradiation of gallic acid. Thus, the present study suggests that the photo-oxidation can enhance the antimicrobial activity of gallic acid via hydroxyl radical formation.

Hydroxyl radical

10.1021/jf303177p

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Citations (92)

Interferon Production by the Preimplantation Sheep Embryo

Journal of Interferon Research (1989)

R. Michael Roberts Kazuhiko Imakawa Yoshimi Niwano Mohammad Kazemi P. V. Malathy

Ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1), the major product secreted by the trophectoderm of the sheep conceptus between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy, is considered to mediate maternal recognition of pregnancy by maintaining the function of the corpus luteum. Its amino acid sequence has 40–55% identity with various mammalian interferons-α (IFN-α), and it has been shown to have antiviral activity. The present results confirm that oTP-1, which at days 15–17 of pregnancy is produced by a single embryo at more than 100 μg (>1 million antiviral units) per day, is a functional IFN. A preparation of purified oTP-1 was made. Its amino-terminal sequence suggested that it consisted of a single homogeneous protein, so that its antiviral activity probably was not due to a contaminant. In a cytopathic effect inhibition assay with GBK-2 bovine cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis, its specific activity was 1.3 × 107 end point units/mg protein. It also protected GBK-2 cells against four other viruses, and A549 human cells against encephalomyocarditis virus. The antiviral activity was neutralized by an antiserum to human leukocyte IFN. Like human IFN-α, oTP-1 at concentrations as low as 10−9 M inhibited the growth of GBK cells in culture and suppressed mitogen-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into ovine lymphocytes. Possible roles for oTP-1, functioning as an IFN-α during early pregnancy, are discussed.

Trophoblast

Conceptus

10.1089/jir.1989.9.175

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Citations (122)

Structural Effects of Lanoconazole on the Hyphal Growth of Trichophyton rubrum.

Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi (1996)

Akane Tameike Mami Konomi Mamiko Sato Sanae A. Ishijima Yoshimi Niwano

イミダゾール系抗真菌剤ラノコナゾール(LCZ)の,液体培養したTrichophyton rubrum発育菌糸に対する形態学的影響を,超高分解能低加速電圧走査電子顕微鏡ならびに透過電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した.LCZ添加菌糸は薬剤濃度段階により,特徴的な形態変化がみられた.すなわち,(1)最小発育阻止濃度(MIC,20ng/ml)のLCZ添加菌糸のゴースト化,(2)中濃度(0.31～2.5ng/ml)薬剤添加菌糸における,湾曲,過剰分岐,(3)低濃度(0.02～0.078ng/ml)薬剤添加菌糸の細胞壁の剥離,(4)濃度段階に応じた細胞壁の外側からの段階的剥離を確認した.さらに,高濃度ではゴースト化した細胞が多数認められ,一方では細胞壁の電子密度が上昇し,オルガネラが融解した細胞も多く認められた.菌糸細胞内では,中濃度薬剤添加で,細胞壁の肥厚が観察された,特に菌糸先端部の肥厚が顕著であった.また,細胞壁に高電子密度の顆粒が出現した.以上の結果から,LCZはMICの1/1,000の低濃度でもT.rubrum菌糸に影響を与え,特に細胞壁に形態学的変化を引き起こすことが示された.

10.3314/jjmm.37.251

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Citations (6)

Generation Mechanism of Radical Species by Tyrosine-Tyrosinase Reaction

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (2010)

Mika Tada Masahiro Kohno Shigenobu Kasai Yoshimi Niwano

Alleviated melanin formation in the skin through inhibition of tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction is one of the major targets of cosmetics for whitening ability. Since melanin has a pivotal role for photoprotection, there are pros and cons of inhibition of melanin formation. This study applying electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method revealed that (•)H and (•)OH are generated through tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. When deuterium water was used instead of H(2)O, the signal of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)-H (a spin adduct of DMPO and (•)H) greatly decreased, whilst DMPO-OH (a spin adduct of DMPO and (•)OH) did not. Thus, it is suggested that (•)H was derived from H(2)O, and (•)OH through oxidative catalytic process of tyrosine to dopaquinone. Our study suggests that tyrosinase inhibitors might contribute to alleviate the oxidative damage of the skin by inhibiting (•)OH generation via the enzyme reaction.

Spin trapping

10.3164/jcbn.10-48

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Citations (20)

Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract prevent estrogen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders

Journal of medical and dental sciences (2018)

Guangwen Jin Alkebaier Aobulikasimu Jinying Piao Zulipiya Aibibula Daisuke Koga

Grape seed extract

Grape seed

10.11480/jmds.650201

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Citations (1)