Will P. Gates

Deakin University

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Abdelmalek Bouazza

Monash University

R. Kerry Rowe

Queen's University

Frank Collins

Deakin University

Rao Martand Singh

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Alastair MacLeod

Deakin University

Antonio F. Patti

Monash University

András Fehérvári

Deakin University

Heloisa N. Bordallo

University of Copenhagen

Yang Liu

Hunan Radio and Television University

Aamir Mahawish

Monash University

Cooperative Institutions

Monash University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute

Yellowstone National Park

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation

Deakin University

University of Melbourne

CSIRO Land and Water

Zhejiang University of Technology

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Colloidal aspects of incompatibility reactions of bentonite with saline leachates as indicated from a modified fluid loss test

Canadian Geotechnical Journal (2018)

András Fehérvári Will P. Gates Yang Liu Abdelmalek Bouazza Alla Marchuk

The fluid loss test has been used by geotechnical engineers for rapid evaluation of the hydraulic barrier properties of bentonites. In this study, a modified fluid loss test, along with viscometric and electrophoretic mobility measurements, was used to assess the colloidal interactions of three powdered sodium bentonites with saline leachates, namely 0–2 N solutions of NaCl and CaCl 2 . The results indicate that the fluid loss test provides robust and reliable information on the water retention of bentonite; moreover, it gives information on the aggregate structure, size, and settling of bentonite flocs and on the high-salt stabilization phenomena (packing and densification of clay aggregates) in saline leachates. Quantifying the water retention characteristics, along with the colloidal (i.e., flocculation) behaviour, using the fluid loss test, provides detailed understanding of barrier properties of bentonites important for various applications (e.g., barrier systems, dewatering).

Bentonite

Settling

Dewatering

10.1139/cgj-2018-0310

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Citations (3)

Post Heat-Treatment Contaminated Soil as a Sustainable Supplementary Cementitious Material for Low-Embodied Carbon Cementitious Materials

Lecture notes in civil engineering (2024)

Prateek Kumar Sharma Alastair J.N. MacLeod Munib Ul Rehman Laurie P. Aldrige Frank Collins

Cementitious

10.1007/978-3-031-80672-8_34

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Citations (0)

Hydrothermal synthesis of dioctahedral smectites: The Al–Fe3+ chemical series. Part II: Crystal-chemistry

Applied Clay Science (2014)

Sabine Petit A. Decarreau Will P. Gates P. Andrieux Olivier Grauby

Crystal Chemistry

Nontronite

Hydrothermal Synthesis

Crystal (programming language)

Structural formula

10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.014

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Citations (38)

Physicochemical characterisation of fluorohectorite: Water dynamics and nanocarrier properties

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials (2020)

Simon R. Larsen Leander Michels Éverton Carvalho dos Santos Marcella C. Berg Will P. Gates

Nanocarriers

10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110512

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Citations (14)

Gas permeability of partially hydrated geosynthetic clay liner under two stress conditions

Environmental Geotechnics (2014)

M. A. Rouf Rao Martand Singh Abdelmalek Bouazza R. Kerry Rowe Will P. Gates

The results of a series of gas permeability tests, with monitoring of gravimetric/volumetric moisture content and total suction, on a commercially available needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) are presented. GCL specimens were partially hydrated with deionised water under 2 and 20 kPa confinement prior to testing. The tests were conducted at differential pressures ranging from 1 to 10 kPa. Gas permeability was found to decrease with an increase in gravimetric/volumetric moisture content and a decrease of suction. The effect of the preconditioning stress was found to be more pronounced at gravimetric moisture contents greater than 40% (25% apparent degree of saturation, 0·30 m 3 /m 3 volumetric moisture content), and suctions less than 1·6 MPa.

Geosynthetic clay liner

Gravimetric analysis

Saturation (graph theory)

Degree of saturation

Clay soil

Bentonite

10.1680/envgeo.14.00009

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Citations (40)

Role of biofilms of sulfate reducing bacteria in electrochemical corrosion of steel

Sachie Welikala Raman Raghuvir Kumar Singh Will P. Gates C. Panter

Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

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Citations (0)

Preparation and infrared spectroscopic characterization of reduced-charge montmorillonite with various Li contents

Clay Minerals (1996)

Jana Madejová Juraj Bujdák Will P. Gates Peter Komadel

Abstract A series of reduced-charge montmorillonites (RCMs) was prepared from Li-montmorillonite from Jelšový Potok (Slovakia) by heating at various temperatures (105–210°C for 24 h. The amount of fixed Li, 0.09–0.67 per O 20 (OH) 4 , increased with increasing temperature, confirming preparation of a set of samples of variable layer charge from the same parent Li-montmorillonite by varying only the preparation temperature. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that Li was trapped in the hexagonal cavities of the tetrahedral sheet at all temperatures. Partial deprotonation of the samples, reflected in the decrease of the intensities of the OH-bending bands, was observed after treatments above 120°C. Analysis of the OH-stretching region showed Li in the previously vacant octahedra in the samples heated above 150°C. Weak inflections near 660 and 720 cm −1 confirmed development of local trioctahedral character of octahedral cations coordinated with OH groups in the sample heated at 210°C. Gradual decrease of the layer charge due to Li fixation led to a shift of the Si-O stretching band to higher frequencies and to the appearance of new, pyrophyllite-like bands at 1120 and 419 cm −1 .

Pyrophyllite

Structural formula

10.1180/claymin.1996.031.2.09

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Citations (84)

Microscopic study on bentonite component of geosynthetic clay liners under acidic conditions

Yang Liu Will P. Gates Abdelmalek Bouazza

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are widely used in landfills and other engineering projects as waterproofing materials due to their low hydraulic conductivity, usually < 5 x 10-11 m/s, when in contact with water. However, GCLs are now increasingly considered for their ability to contain mining leachates, and these leachates may cause an increase in their hydraulic conductivity. This study reports the fluid loss and hydraulic conductivity results of GCLs under acidic conditions and provides supportive evidence from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluid loss and flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on GCL samples and bentonite cake under different H2SO4 concentrations. SEM and TEM were conducted on the bentonite specimens from the fluid loss tests. Generally, the fluid loss and hydraulic conductivity increased with increasing acid concentration. SEM and TEM revealed differences in the natural micro-structures of bentonites and dissolution-induced re-arrangement of the clay microstructures when acids are applied. The observed changes could explain the experimental results and provide a reference for the application of GCLs under acidic conditions.

Geosynthetic clay liner

Bentonite

Source

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SEM Study of Mineralogical Changes to GCLs Following Permeation by Strongly Alkaline Leachates

Will P. Gates Paul Hines Abdelmalek Bouazza

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are important components of hydraulic barriers in waste containment systems, but leachate from the mining industry can alter their hydraulic performance. Usually increases in saturated hydraulic conductivity result, but sometimes decreases occur; the latter believed to be associated with pore-filling reactions. We report here the results of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study to determine whether pore-filling reactions occurred in GCLs permeated with solutions of 1.3 mM CsCl (GCLA) or 1M NaOH +1.3 mM CsCl (GCLB). SEM images reveal that in GCLA hydration induced swelling in resulted in an open fabric but ∼5 μ thick, dense and low porosity interfaces of smectite particles having a highly orientated pore structure was observed between clay domains. X-ray mapping conducted across a compression join (and into the domains on either side) indicated that Cs was largely concentrated near the compression zones, indicating that advective transport of CsCl may be along preferential flow paths between domains. Where compression joins existed in GCLB, individual domains were <30 μm in extent and direct evidence of precipitation of pore-filling phases was observed. Analysis indicates that average pore diameters were reduced by up to 30 times and flow path tortuosity would increase significantly.

Tortuosity

Geosynthetic clay liner

10.1061/41165(397)206

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Citations (5)

Permeability of an Organo-Modified Bentonite to Ethanol-Water Solutions

Clays and Clay Minerals (2004)

Will P. Gates Andrew Nefiodovas Paul Peter

Bentonite

10.1346/ccmn.2004.0520205

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Citations (41)