Gemma González‐Ortiz

AB Vista (United Kingdom)

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M.R. Bedford

AB Vista (United Kingdom)

Susana M. Martín–Orúe

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

J. F. Pérez

Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia

David Solà‐Oriol

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

O.A. Olukosi

University of Georgia

Diego Melo‐Durán

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

J. Apajalahti

Alimetrics (Finland)

Yanan Zhu

Hefei University of Technology

Rufino Jiménez-Dı́az

Instituto de la Grasa

Tiago Tedeschi dos Santos

AB Vista (United Kingdom)

Cooperative Institutions

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

AB Vista (United Kingdom)

Universitat de Barcelona

Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture

AmeriCorps

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Alimetrics (Finland)

Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Centre de Recerca Matemàtica

Utrecht University

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A Proteinaceous Fraction of Wheat Bran May Interfere in the Attachment of Enterotoxigenic E. Coli K88 (F4+) to Porcine Epithelial Cells

PLoS ONE (2014)

Gemma González‐Ortiz Sílvia Bronsoms H. C. Quarles van Ufford S.B.A. Halkes Ritva Virkola

Wheat bran (WB) from Triticum aestivum has many beneficial effects on human health. To the best of our knowledge, very little has been published about its ability to prevent pathogenic bacterial adhesion in the intestine. Here, a WB extract was fractionated using different strategies, and the obtained fractions were tested in different in vitro methodologies to evaluate their interference in the attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) with the aim of identifying the putative anti-adhesive molecules. It was found that a proteinaceous compound in the >300-kDa fraction mediates the recognition of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2. Further fractionation of the >300-kDa sample by size-exclusion chromatography showed several proteins below 90 kDa, suggesting that the target protein belongs to a high-molecular-weight (MW) multi-component protein complex. The identification of some relevant excised bands was performed by mass spectrometry (MS) and mostly revealed the presence of various protease inhibitors (PIs) of low MW: Serpin-Z2B, Class II chitinase, endogenous alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM3. Furthermore, an incubation of the WB extract with ETEC K88 allowed for the identification of a 7S storage protein globulin of wheat, Globulin 3 of 66 kDa, which may be one of the most firmly attached WB proteins to ETEC K88 cells. Further studies should be performed to gain an understanding of the molecular recognition of the blocking process that takes place. All gathered information can eventually pave the way for the development of novel anti-adhesion therapeutic agents to prevent bacterial pathogenesis.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Subtilisin

10.1371/journal.pone.0104258

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Citations (11)

053 Screening the ability of common feed ingredients to reduce enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 attachment to porcine epithelial cells

Journal of Animal Science (2017)

Yanan Zhu Gemma González‐Ortiz David Solà‐Oriol Sergi López-Vergé Susana M. Martín–Orúe

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of the feed ingredients commonly used in diets and different kinds of cereal brans to attach enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 (adhesion test [AT]) and to reduce the attachment to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2; blocking test [BT]) in vitro. Tested ingredients included different cereals (wheat, oat, rye, and corn), protein vegetable ingredients (extruded soybean, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal), animal protein ingredients (milk powder, casein glycomacropeptide, and fish meal), and different sources of cereal brans (wheat, spelt, kamut, rye, oat, and rice). All ingredients were finely ground, resuspended in PBS (1:10 [wt/vol]), vortexed, and sonicated 3 times and then centrifuged. The soluble extracts obtained from the supernatant were used in the AT and BT assays. The tests consisted of a miniaturized in vitro system based on high-binding polystyrene microtitration plates. All cereal grains had the ability to adhere ETEC K88 (P < 0.05) in the AT compared with PBS. Regarding the protein vegetable ingredients, rapeseed did not adhere ETEC K88 but the extruded soybean and soybean meal attached specifically to ETEC K88 whereas they did not recognize the nonfimbriated (NF) E. coli. Milk powder was the only protein source from animal origin that showed the ability to attach ETEC K88, whereas any effect was observed with fish meal compared with PBS. All cereal brans evaluated attached ETEC K88 compared with PBS (P < 0.001). Rye and oat reduced the attachment of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.01) in the BT. Wheat soluble extract also had the ability to reduce the attachment of ETEC K88 (P = 0.05). Casein glycomacropeptide, included as positive control in the BT, showed a higher inhibition ability of ETEC K88 attachment to IPEC-J2 (P < 0.001). All cereal brans, with the exception of rice bran, reduced the attachment of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.001). No difference was observed in the AT with any of the tested ingredients evaluated regarding the NF E. coli or the BT, suggesting that the recognition of the soluble extracts to the pathogenic bacteria may be due to the fimbria. Results from these experiments may suggest that some cereals such as rye, oat, and wheat, in addition to their brans, should be further evaluated to ascertain the chemical structure involved recognizing ETEC K88 as a tool to prevent colibacilosis-induced diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

10.2527/asasann.2017.053

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The use of starter cultures in the table olive fermentation can modulate the antiadhesive properties of brine exopolysaccharides against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli

Food & Function (2019)

Yanan Zhu Gemma González‐Ortiz Antonio Benítez‐Cabello Beatríz Calero-Delgado Rufino Jiménez-Dı́az

The present study aimed to evaluate different mates of Candida boidinii and Lactobacillus pentosus strains as starters in green table olive fermentation. Changes in fermentation characteristics as well as changes in the functional properties of the microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced during the process were registered. The in vitro adhesion test demonstrated that most EPS samples could specifically attach ETEC K88. In vitro studies with porcine intestinal cells showed the improved blocking activity of the fimbria (blocking test) when the mutant strain L. pentosus 119-14MT was used alone as a starter. All EPS samples showed the ability to block receptors in the cells (exclusion test) although without differences between starter treatments. In the displacement test, EPS samples failed to remove the pathogen once attached. According to these results, L. pentosus 119-14MT, a high EPS variant, seemed to be the most effective starter improving the anti-adhesive properties of brine EPS and increasing its ability to block the ETEC K88 fimbria. These results illustrate that the anti-adhesive properties of the EPSs produced during the traditional fermentation of olives could be modulated by the use of defined starters. This opens the door to new fermentation processes aimed to produce green table olives as functional food to prevent ETEC diarrhea.

Starter

Brine

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

10.1039/c9fo00425d

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Consumption of Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acids Decreases Fat Deposition and Adipocyte Size, but Increases Oxidative Susceptibility in Broiler Chickens

Lipids (2013)

Gemma González‐Ortiz R. Sala E. Cánovas Nourhène Abed A.C. Barroeta

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an omega‐3 (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐enriched diet on animal fat depots and lipid oxidation in the blood and meat of broiler chickens. Abdominal fat pad (AFP), sartorius muscle and liver histology were used to assess the effect of the dietary fat on animal lipid depots. A total of 60 female broilers (14 days old) was randomly divided into two groups which received a diet containing 10 % of tallow (S diet), rich in saturated fatty acids or 10 % of a blend of fish oil and linseed oil (N3 diet), rich in n‐3 PUFA from 14 to 50 days of life. Both absolute and relative weights of AFP in N3 animals were lower than in the S group ( P < 0.05). These results paralleled with a lower adipocyte mean area ( P < 0.001) obtained in N3‐fed animals, leading to a higher number of fat cells per unit of surface measured (383.4 adipocytes/mm 2 vs. 273.7 adipocytes/mm 2 ). Similarly, fat content and the intramuscular fat‐occupied area of muscle were lower in N3 ( P < 0.0001) than in the S‐fed birds. Neither macroscopic nor microscopic differences were observed in the liver. The inclusion of dietary n‐3 PUFA increased meat and erythrocyte oxidation susceptibility; however, the erythrocytes from the S group were less resistant to osmotic changes. Results indicate that feeding an n‐3 PUFA diet influences fat distribution and the oxidative status of broiler chickens.

Intramuscular fat

Tallow

Saturated fatty acid

Lipidology

10.1007/s11745-013-3785-3

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Effects of dietary supplementation ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensCECT 5940 andEnterococcus faeciumCECT 4515 in adult healthy dogs

Archives of Animal Nutrition (2013)

Gemma González‐Ortiz Lorena Castillejos J. J. Mallo Ma. de los Ángeles Calvo Torras M.D. Baucells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a probiotic preparation consisting of two probiotic strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 and Enterococcus faecium CECT 4515 (each 5 · 10(8) CFU/g feed), on faecal consistency, faecal microbiology and nutrient digestibility in adult healthy dogs. Sixteen beagles (eight males and eight females) were divided into two groups: the Control group (CON), which was fed the basal diet, and the probiotic group (PRO), which received the basal diet supplemented daily with 1 · 10(8) CFU for 39 consecutive days. Faecal score was assessed before (BS) and throughout the supplementation period (SP). Fresh faecal samples were collected before supplementation, before finishing the supplementation period and after 6 days of withdrawal for microbial enumeration and pH measurement. During the supplementation period, a digestibility trial was performed. There were no differences in faecal scores or the digestibility coefficients between groups. Between groups no statistical differences were found in most microbiota analysed or in faecal pH. However, during the supplementation period, pathogenic clostridia dropped significantly in Group PRO (5.64 vs. 2.94 ± 0.53 CFU/g faeces; p < 0.001), when compared with the period BS. The use of the probiotic preparation had no impact on nutrient digestibility by adult healthy dogs; however, it could stabilise faecal microbiota by decreasing pathogenic clostridia.

Clostridia

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Enterococcus faecium

10.1080/1745039x.2013.830517

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Use of probiotics modulates canine intestinal microflora.

J. J. Mallo Gemma González‐Ortiz Lorena Castillejos

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Relationship between peptide YY, cholecystokinin and fermentation products in fasted, re-fed and ad libitum fed broiler chickens

Animal Feed Science and Technology (2018)

Diego Melo‐Durán Gemma González‐Ortiz David Solà‐Oriol M. Martínez-Mora J. F. Pérez

Peptide YY

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.007

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Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase in a wheat-based diet containing canola meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, and short-chain fatty acid concentration in digesta when fed to weaned pigs

Journal of Animal Science (2020)

Gustavo A Mejicanos Gemma González‐Ortiz C. M. Nyachoti

Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, digesta pH, and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of weaned pigs fed wheat–canola meal (CM) diets over a 35-d period. A total of 144 piglets (72 barrows and 72 gilts) weaned at 18 ± 2 d of age, with initial body weight (BW) of 6.2 ± 0.7 kg, received one of eight dietary treatments based on randomized complete block design. BW and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F). Treatments consisted of a control wheat–soybean meal-based diet and wheat-regular (RCM), dehulled (DCM), or coarse CM (CCM) without and with 16,000 BXU/kg xylanase (Econase XT). All diets contained 500 FTU/kg of phytase (Quantum Blue 5G) and titanium dioxide (0.3%). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), dry matter, and diet were determined. On day 35, one pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate the main factors of protein, xylanase supplementation, and sex on organ weight, ileal and colon digesta pH, and colon digesta concentrations of SCFA. The main factors did not affect growth performance. Xylanase supplementation improved nutrient digestibilities in all diets and increased ileal and colonic digesta pH without affecting the growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and CM-based diets. A protein–xylanase effect (P < 0.05) resulted in increasing the ATTD of NDF from 28% to 32% and from 29% to 37% for RCM and DCM, respectively. The ATTD of CP was greater (P < 0.05) with xylanase supplementation (75% vs. 70%). Xylanase supplementation increased ATTD of P and Ca. A three-way interaction (P < 0.05) for protein–xylanase–gender for colon pH, acetic, and propionic acid in the colon digesta of pigs indicated that, in addition to the protein source, piglet sex could have influenced how xylanase works. Xylanase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the weight of the liver and spleen and tended (P < 0.10) to increase the size of the kidney. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase increased nutrient digestibility and digesta pH but did not influence the growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and CM-based diets over a 35-d period.

Phytase

Neutral Detergent Fiber

10.1093/jas/skaa064

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Chapter 14 New strategies influencing gut functionality and animal performance

Gemma González‐Ortiz Gilson Alexandre Gomes Tiago Tedeschi dos Santos M.R. Bedford

Since the ban of antibiotic growth promoters in the European Union, there is a focus on looking at nutritional solutions to reduce the incidence of those diseases that increased in consequence. One strategy considers the inclusion and manipulation of dietary fibre as a mechanism to modulate the gastrointestinal environment and to bolster animal health. Thus non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPase), such as xylanase, oligosaccharides, such as xylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides, and probiotics like live yeast have been suggested as a means to optimise fibre use to the advantage of the host and create a more favourable condition for intestinal health and function. These products increase the production of intestinal microbial derived NSPases in the hindgut thereby increasing the fibre fermentative capacity of the commensal microbiota, making use of fibre that otherwise would be excreted. However, many questions remain such as what types of fermentable oligosaccharides are produced by xylanases in the gastrointestinal tract and which factors influence their production. Finally, a new category of product termed ‘stimbiotic’ is introduced in the scientific literature which describes products able to stimulate a fibre-degrading microbiome to increase fibre fermentability. This is distinct from a prebiotic mechanism which has been related to xylanase supplementation to date.

Prebiotic

Resistant Starch

Dietary fibre

10.3920/978-90-8686-893-3_14

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Dietary xylanase and live yeast supplementation influence intestinal bacterial populations and growth performance of piglets fed a sorghum-based diet

Animal nutrition (2020)

Gemma González‐Ortiz Marco Aurélio Callegari P. Wilcock Diego Melo‐Durán M.R. Bedford

This study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation and the addition of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in piglets. One hundred and eighty commercial crossbred 23-d-old piglets (PIC 417) were sorted by initial BW and allocated to 3 treatments: control (CTR) diet, CTR diet supplemented with xylanase at 16,000 birch xylan units/kg (XYL) and XYL diet supplemented with live yeast (2 × 1010 CFU/g) at 1 kg/t (XYL + LY). Each treatment had 10 replicates, with 6 animals each. A sorghum-based diet and water were available ad libitum for 42 d of the study. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 0 to 42 d (23- to 65-d-old) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated. At the end of the study, bacterial identification through 16S rRNA (V3 to V4) sequencing of the ileal and caecal digesta from one piglet per replicate was performed. No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the live yeast in addition to the xylanase had increased ADG compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (XYL + LY vs. XYL; P = 0.655). FCR was improved with XYL and XYL + LY compared with CTR (P = 0.018). Clostridiaceae counts in the ileum tended to reduce by 10% with XYL and 14% with XYL + LY compared to CTR (P = 0.07). XYL and XYL + LY increased the counts of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum compared with CTR (P < 0.0001). Dietary supplementation of live yeast combined with xylanase improved growth performance and microbial balance of piglets during the nursery phase.

Caecum

10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.005

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Citations (14)