Abstract Background Adiposity has been characterized as a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer. Its association with outcomes after prostate cancer diagnosis, however, must be better understood, and more evidence is needed to facilitate the development of lifestyle guidance for patients with prostate cancer. Methods We investigated the associations between adiposity indices close to prostate cancer diagnosis (up to 2 years before or up to 5 years after diagnosis) and mortality in 1968 men of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Men were followed up for a median of 9.5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age and year of diagnosis, disease stage and grade, and smoking history and stratified by country. Results Each 5-unit increment in prediagnosis or postdiagnosis body mass index combined was associated with a 30% higher rate of all-cause mortality and a 49% higher rate of prostate cancer–specific mortality. Similarly, each 5-unit increment in prediagnosis body mass index was associated with a 35% higher rate of all-cause mortality and a 51% higher rate of prostate cancer–specific mortality. The associations were less strong for postdiagnosis body mass index, with a lower number of men in analyses. Less clear positive associations were shown for waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio, but data were limited. Conclusions Elevated levels of adiposity close to prostate cancer diagnosis could lead to higher risk of mortality; therefore, men are encouraged to maintain a healthy weight. Additional research is needed to confirm whether excessive adiposity after prostate cancer diagnosis could worsen prognosis.
Background Whether and how n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is debated. Objectively measured plasma PUFAs can help to clarify these associations. Methods and Findings Plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography among 12,132 incident T2D cases and 15,919 subcohort participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study across eight European countries. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. We also systematically reviewed published prospective studies on circulating PUFAs and T2D risk and pooled the quantitative evidence for comparison with results from EPIC-InterAct. In EPIC-InterAct, among long-chain n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (ALA) was inversely associated with T2D (HR per standard deviation [SD] 0.93; 95% CI 0.88–0.98), but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not significantly associated. Among n-6 PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA) (0.80; 95% CI 0.77–0.83) and eicosadienoic acid (EDA) (0.89; 95% CI 0.85–0.94) were inversely related, and arachidonic acid (AA) was not significantly associated, while significant positive associations were observed with γ-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-GLA, docosatetraenoic acid (DTA), and docosapentaenoic acid (n6-DPA), with HRs between 1.13 to 1.46 per SD. These findings from EPIC-InterAct were broadly similar to comparative findings from summary estimates from up to nine studies including between 71 to 2,499 T2D cases. Limitations included potential residual confounding and the inability to distinguish between dietary and metabolic influences on plasma phospholipid PUFAs. Conclusions These large-scale findings suggest an important inverse association of circulating plant-origin n-3 PUFA (ALA) but no convincing association of marine-derived n3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) with T2D. Moreover, they highlight that the most abundant n6-PUFA (LA) is inversely associated with T2D. The detection of associations with previously less well-investigated PUFAs points to the importance of considering individual fatty acids rather than focusing on fatty acid class.
Periods of financial crisis are associated with higher psychological stress among the population and greater use of mental health services. The objective is to analyse contextual factors associated with mental health among the Spanish population during the recession. Cross-sectional, descriptive study of two periods: before the recession (2006) and after therecession (2011-2012). The study population comprised individuals aged 16+ years old, polled for the National Health Survey. There were 25,234 subjects (2006) and 20,754 subjects (2012). The dependent variable was psychic morbidity. Independent variables: 1) socio-demographic (age, socio-professional class, level of education, nationality, employment situation, marital status), 2) psycho-social (social support) and 3) financial (GDP per capita, risk of poverty, income per capita per household), public welfare services (health spending per capita), labour market (employment and unemployment rates, percentage of temporary workers). Multilevel logistic regression models with mixed effects were constructed to determine change in psychic morbidity according to the variables studied. The macroeconomic variables associated with worse mental health for both males and females were lower health spending per capita and percentage of temporary workers. Among women, the risk of poor mental health increased 6% for each 100€ decrease in healthcare spending per capita. Among men, the risk of poor mental health decreased 8% for each 5-percentage point increase in temporary workers. Higher rates of precarious employment in a region have a negative effect on people's mental health; likewise lower health spending per capita. Policies during periods of recession should focus on support and improved conditions for vulnerable groups such as temporary workers. Healthcare cutbacks should be avoided in order to prevent increased prevalence of poor mental health.
Journal Article How Does Intimate Partner Violence Differ Depending on Level of Rurality of Residential Area in Spain? Get access Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, Isabel Ruiz-Pérez Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, PhD, is professor of research methodology, Andalusian School of Public Health & Epidemiological and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Cuesta del Observatorio, Granada, 18080, Spain; Carmen Vives-Cases, PhD, is professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Alicante, and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Alicante, Spain. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir, PhD, is professor, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, and CIBERESP and Center for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain. Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, PhD, and Adela Nevot-Cordero, MD, are technical researchers, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. This study was funded by Carlos III Health Institute (Ministry of Health, Spain, PI050594) and FEDER (CTS-177). e-mail: isabel.ruiz.easp@juntadeandalucia.es. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carmen Vives-Cases, Carmen Vives-Cases Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, PhD, is professor of research methodology, Andalusian School of Public Health & Epidemiological and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Cuesta del Observatorio, Granada, 18080, Spain; Carmen Vives-Cases, PhD, is professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Alicante, and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Alicante, Spain. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir, PhD, is professor, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, and CIBERESP and Center for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain. Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, PhD, and Adela Nevot-Cordero, MD, are technical researchers, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. This study was funded by Carlos III Health Institute (Ministry of Health, Spain, PI050594) and FEDER (CTS-177). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vicenta Escribá-Agüir, Vicenta Escribá-Agüir Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, PhD, is professor of research methodology, Andalusian School of Public Health & Epidemiological and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Cuesta del Observatorio, Granada, 18080, Spain; Carmen Vives-Cases, PhD, is professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Alicante, and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Alicante, Spain. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir, PhD, is professor, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, and CIBERESP and Center for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain. Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, PhD, and Adela Nevot-Cordero, MD, are technical researchers, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. This study was funded by Carlos III Health Institute (Ministry of Health, Spain, PI050594) and FEDER (CTS-177). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, PhD, is professor of research methodology, Andalusian School of Public Health & Epidemiological and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Cuesta del Observatorio, Granada, 18080, Spain; Carmen Vives-Cases, PhD, is professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Alicante, and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Alicante, Spain. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir, PhD, is professor, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, and CIBERESP and Center for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain. Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, PhD, and Adela Nevot-Cordero, MD, are technical researchers, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. This study was funded by Carlos III Health Institute (Ministry of Health, Spain, PI050594) and FEDER (CTS-177). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adela Nevot-Cordero Adela Nevot-Cordero Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, PhD, is professor of research methodology, Andalusian School of Public Health & Epidemiological and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Cuesta del Observatorio, Granada, 18080, Spain; Carmen Vives-Cases, PhD, is professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Alicante, and Public Health Biomedical Investigative Consortium (CIBERESP), Alicante, Spain. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir, PhD, is professor, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, and CIBERESP and Center for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain. Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, PhD, and Adela Nevot-Cordero, MD, are technical researchers, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. This study was funded by Carlos III Health Institute (Ministry of Health, Spain, PI050594) and FEDER (CTS-177). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health & Social Work, Volume 40, Issue 2, May 2015, Pages 108–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlv024 Published: 03 March 2015 Article history Received: 17 December 2012 Revision received: 10 December 2013 Accepted: 14 January 2014 Published: 03 March 2015
The ionome represents elemental composition in plant tissues and can be an indicator of nutrient status as well as overall plant performance. Thus, identifying genetic determinants governing elemental uptake and storage is an important goal for breeding and engineering biomass feedstocks with improved performance. In this study, we coupled high-throughput ionome characterization of leaf tissues with high-resolution genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover genetic loci that modulate ionomic composition in leaves of poplar (