A resistência de microrganismos a desinfetantes utilizados em laboratórios é uma preocupação crescente na farmácia. Os principais microrganismos presentes em ambientes laboratoriais incluem bactérias, vírus e fungos. Os desinfetantes comuns, como álcool, cloro e peróxido de hidrogênio, atuam de maneiras distintas: o álcool desnatura proteínas, o cloro oxida componentes celulares e o peróxido de hidrogênio gera radicais livres que danificam as estruturas celulares. A eficácia de cada desinfetante depende de sua concentração e do tempo de contato, fatores como o uso inadequado dos desinfetantes, como diluições incorretas e tempos de exposição insuficientes, contribuem para a resistência. Além disso, a formação de biofilmes em superfícies é um desafio significativo, pois protege os microrganismos da ação dos desinfetantes, dificultando a eliminação eficaz. Este trabalho teve como objetivo central compreender tais aspectos para o desenvolvimento de protocolos mais eficientes de desinfecção, visando minimizar a resistência microbiana e garantir a segurança em ambientes laboratoriais. Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que o monitoramento contínuo e a atualização das práticas de desinfecção são essenciais para enfrentar esse problema, a resistência dos microorganismos a desinfetantes em laboratório exige uma atenção constante e um esforço colaborativo entre pesquisadores e profissionais da saúde para garantir ambientes seguros e eficazes no combate a infecções.
Journal Article Production of Shiga-Like Toxin by Escherichia coli Get access Lilian R. M. Marques, Lilian R. M. Marques Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marjorie A. Moore, Marjorie A. Moore Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joy G. Wells, Joy G. Wells Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. Kaye Wachsmuth, I. Kaye Wachsmuth Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alison D. O'brien Alison D. O'brien Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Alison D. O'Brien, Department of Microbiology, U.S.U.H.S, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 154, Issue 2, August 1986, Pages 338–341, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/154.2.338 Published: 01 August 1986 Article history Received: 26 November 1985 Revision received: 19 February 1986 Published: 01 August 1986
Oropouche fever, caused by the Oropouche virus, is an arboviral disease transmitted by the mosquito Culicoides paraensis (1, 2). Oropouche's presentation is similar to Dengue and Chikungunya, but Oropouche can also cause hemorrhagic symptoms and neurological complications (1, 2). In 2024, the spread, severity, and transmission paths of Oropouche in Brazil increased (3). Brazil must take urgent action to minimize the spread of the disease.
ABSTRACT The enteropathogenic role of cytolethal distending toxin-producing Escherichia coli was investigated by searching sequences homologous to the cdt genes of an O86 strain among 2,074 isolates from 200 children with acute diarrhea and 200 controls in Brazil. Only one (0.5%) diarrheic child and two (1.0%) nondiarrheic controls harbored cdt -positive isolates.
Escherichia coli isolates that cause detachment of cell monolayers during in vitro adherence assays (cell-detaching E. coli [CDEC]) were recently reported as a potential new group of enteropathogenic bacteria. In the present study, 269 E. coli isolates from feces of children 1 to 5 years of age were identified as CDEC in a detaching assay developed with HeLa cells. The great majority of these isolates were hemolytic within 3 h of growth on blood agar plates and hybridized with a DNA probe for alpha-hemolysin (93.7%), while most of the non-detaching isolates were hemolytic within 24 h (3.6%) or nonhemolytic (94.8%). E. coli isolates that produced alpha-hemolysin were found in 60 (30%) of 200 children with diarrhea and 47 (24%) of 200 age-matched controls. No statistical significance was found for the differences in alpha-hemolysin production among the matched pairs (P = 0.2). These data suggest that CDEC isolates are not associated with diarrhea in the population studied.
Two out-patient facilities in São Paulo, Brazil.To study the transmission pattern of tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and uninfected persons in a setting endemic for TB.A prospective study comparing HIV-seropositive and -seronegative TB patients identified consecutively between 1 March 1995 and 1 April 1997. The patients were stratified according to their Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate IS6110 RFLP patterns. Risk factors were sought for infection with an RFLP cluster pattern strain, inferred to represent recent transmission.Fifty-eight (38%) of 151 HIV-seropositive patients and 36 (25%) of 142 HIV-seronegative patients were infected with M. tuberculosis isolates that belonged to cluster patterns (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.08-3.13). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated from 19 patients, all of whom were HIV seropositive; 12 (63%) of these, and 46 (35%) of 132 drug-susceptible isolates had cluster patterns (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.08-9.77).In a TB-endemic urban setting in Brazil, the proportion of cases resulting from recent transmission appears to be greater among HIV-seropositive than among HIV-seronegative patients. A large proportion of MDR-TB (63%) cases was caused by strains that had cluster RFLP patterns, suggesting recent transmission of already resistant organisms. This type of knowledge regarding TB transmission may help to improve locally appropriate TB control programs.
The MIC of isoniazid, peroxidase-catalase expression, and the presence of the katG gene for 102 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Sβo Paulo were compared. Fifty-three isoniazid-resistant and 49 isoniazid-sensitive isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of katG sequences. All isoniazid-sensitive and 43 (81 %) isoniazid-resistant isolates expressed catalase (P = .001). None of isoniazid-sensitive and 4 (7%) of 53 isoniazid-resistant isolates lacked katG sequences. Among 6 isolates with MICs > 50 ILg/mL, 5 (83%) did not express catalase and 2 lacked katG sequences; only 1 had complete gene deletion shown by Southern blot analysis. These findings indicate a correlation between loss of catalase and isoniazid resistance among highly resistant isolates, but these isolates were a small proportion of resistant clinical M. tuberculosis isolates from Sao Paulo.
The enteropathogenic role of cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF)-producing Escherichia coli was investigated by searching cnf genes among 2074 isolates from 200 children with and 200 without acute diarrhea in Brazil. Fourteen (7%) cases versus 10 (5%) control children carried at least one cnf positive isolate (P = 0.50) and most isolates expressed CNF type 1. DNA sequences of virulence factors of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were detected in 78.6% of CNF1-producing isolates. Besides not being associated with human acute diarrhea, the CNF1-producing isolates here identified may represent potential ExPEC transitorily composing the normal intestinal flora.
A total of 108 Escherichia coli strains characterized as enteropathogenic (EPEC) by serotyping and the presence of EPEC adherence factor (EAF) sequences were examined for cytotoxin production by cell line assays and colony hybridization with Shiga-like toxin (SLT) probes. Cytolethal distending toxin (CLDT) production was found in three (2.8%) strains belonging to serotype 086:H34, while one O11 lab:NM strain hybridized with a SLT-II probe but did not express any cytotoxic activity. All four strains showed localized adherence to HeLa cells and hybridized to an E. coli attaching–effacing gene (eae) probe. The CLDT-producing strains had multiple plasmids and some were present in all strains, including a plasmid of ~54 MDa that hybridized with the EAF probe.Key words: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, EPEC adherence factor sequences, Shiga-like toxin, cytolethal distending toxin.