Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This work is funded by Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship (BT/RLF/re-entry/14/2019) from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India Background Regulation of RNA stability and translation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is a crucial process altering gene expression. Musashi family of RBPs comprising Msi1 and Msi2 are known to control RNA stability and translation with a well-characterized role in the hematopoietic system, gut and cancer. However, the functions of Musashi in the heart is not explored. Purpose Despite the expression of MSI2 in the heart, its role remains largely unknown. In our study, we endeavor to understand the cardiac function of MSI2. Methods RNA-seq analysis, adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentivirus, echocardiography, histopathology, proteomics, electron microscopy, luciferase assay, ROS measurement, TMRE red staining, seahorse assay, MSI2 pooldown, and H3K4me3 ChIP assay were used to elucidate the function of Msi2 in cardiomyocytes. Results Among the two Musashi members, the heart expresses only Msi2. We confirmed the presence of MSI2 in the adult mouse, rat heart, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Msi2 is significantly enriched in the heart cardiomyocytee fraction. Next, using RNA-seq data and isoform-specific PCR primers, we identified Msi2 isoforms 1, 4 and 5, and two novel putative isoforms labeled as Msi2 6 and 7 to be expressed in the heart. Overexpression of Msi2 isoforms led to cardiac hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes. Additionally, Msi2 exhibited a significant increase in a pressure-overload model of cardiac hypertrophy. We selected isoforms 4 and 7 to validate the hypertrophic effects due to their unique alternative splicing patterns. AAV9-mediated overexpression of Msi2 isoforms 4 and 7 in murine hearts led to cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, heart failure,and eventually early death, confirming a pathological function for Msi2. Using global proteomics, gene ontology, transmission electron microscopy, seahorse, and transmembrane potential measurement assys, increased MSI2 was found to cause mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart. Mechanistically, we identified Cluh and Smyd1 as direct downstream target of Msi2. Overexpression of Cluh and Smyd1 inhbited Msi2-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, we show that Msi2 inducs hypertrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and heart failure. Conclusion We here show that Msi2 has a pro-hypertrophic function in cardiomyocytes leading to heart failure and death in mice. AAV9 mediated overexpression of Msi2 promoted degradation of Cluh and Smyd1 and thus led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Overexpression of Cluh and Smyd1 inhibits the pro-hypertrophic and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Msi2.
Using low and optimized magnetic field along with electric field is a novel strategy to facilitate electrochemical nitrite reduction. Here, we report for the first time on the synthesis of ammonia via magneto-electrocatalytic methods that use spin-thrusted β-MnPc in a magnetic field of 95 mT. The calculated rate of ammonia generation was 16603.4 µg h-1 mgcat-1, which is almost twice that of the non-polarized MnPc catalyst. Additionally, the faradaic efficiency at –0.9V vs. RHE was found to be 92.9%, significantly higher compared to the non-polarized MnPc catalyst. In presence of external magnetic field, MnPc catalysts provide a better electron transfer channel which results in a lower charge transfer resistance and hence better electrochemical performances. DFT result further verifies that magnetic field induced β-MnPc has a lower potential barrier (0.51 eV) for the protonation of NO* (PDS) than non-polarized β-MnPc (1.08 eV), which confirms the enhanced electrochemical nitrite reduction to ammonia aided by external magnetic field.
Abstract The Ostwald process, which is producing HNO 3 for commercial use, involves the catalytic oxidation of NH 3 and a series of chemical reactions conducted under severe operating conditions. Due to their energy‐intensive nature, these activities play a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and global energy consumption. In response to the urgent requirements of the global energy and environmental sectors, there is an increasingly critical need to develop novel, highly efficient, and environmentally sustainable methods. Herein, CoPc/C 3 N 4 electrocatalyst, integrating CoPc nanotubes with C 3 N 4 nanosheets, is shown. The CoPc/C 3 N 4 electrocatalyst demonstrates yield rate of 871.8 µmol h −1 g cat −1 at 2.2 V, with corresponding Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 46.4% at 2.1 V, which notably surpasses that of CoPc. Through a combination of experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study shows that CoPc anchored on C 3 N 4 effectively simplifies the adsorption and activation of chemically inactive nitrogen molecules. The improved catalytic activity for composite system may be the reason of re‐distribution of charges over the CoPc, tuning the valence orbital of Co center due to the presence of 2D layer of C 3 N 4 . This mechanism significantly lowers the energy barrier required for critical breaking of inert N 2 , ultimately leading to a significant improvement in N 2 oxidation efficiency.
Abstract Electrocatalysis performs a vital role in numerous energy transformation and repository mechanics, including power cells, Electric field‐assisted catalysis, and batteries. It is crucial to investigate new methods to improve electrocatalytic performance if effective and long‐lasting power systems are developed. The modulation of catalytic activity and selectivity by external magnetic fields over electrochemical processes has received a lot of interest lately. How the use of various magnetic fields in electrocatalysis has great promise for building effective and selective catalysts, opening the door for the advancement of sophisticated energy conversion is discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and possibilities of incorporating magnetic fields into electrocatalytic systems and suggestions for future research areas are discussed.
Abstract Electrochemical urea synthesis under ambient conditions offers a promising alternative to traditional methods, yet suffers from inefficient production due to poor binding of reactants to the catalyst surface, leading to competitive pathways. In this study, we report an electrochemical route for urea synthesis by dual reduction of CO 2 and N 2 gases using iron phthalocyanine (FePc) catalyst. The FePc electrocatalyst showed a urea yield rate of 357 µmol h −1 g cat −1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 14.36% at −0.4 V versus RHE. This work offers an awareness into the development of an electrochemical route for the efficient electrosynthesis of urea via C─N coupling.
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