Background Multiple strategies for ablation of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) remote after myocardial infarction have been proposed. Definition of the most relevant isthmus site remains a common therapeutic problem.
Methods and Results 7 pts with documented recurrent and inducible or incessant monomorphic VT have been included in the study. Noncontact maps were obtained using the Ensite-Array® system during VT, programmed right ventricular stimulation (PVS) and sinus rhythm (SR). Geometry creation and ablation was performed with a 7F, 4mm irrigated tip catheter (50W, 60°, 17ml/s flow).
In all pts multiple, median 4 (3-6), VT morphologies were inducible by PVS or overdrive stimulation. In 6 pts an endocardial origin was associated with the clinical VT. In 4 pts the clinical VT isthmus was identified by late activation during SR and concurrent left ventricular (LV) activation via the isthmus in addition to the septal activation wave during PVS (fig.). This was not the observed for any other than the clinical VT isthmus. Short ablation lines of 8 (5-12) radiofrequency current applications perpendicular to the direction of activation at the isthmus exit site rendered the clinical VT noninducible in all pts with endocardial reentries. Additional linear lesions were employed for the treatment of further inducible, predominantly faster, VTs.
Conclusion Late and simultaneous activation of the LV can readily be identified by noncontact mapping and is indicative for the dominant isthmus. Short ablation lines at this site are effective for the treatment of the dominant VT. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Electro-anatomical voltage, conduction velocity (CV) mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been correlated with atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM). However, the comparability between these modalities remains unclear. This study aims to (i) compare pathological substrate extent and location between current modalities, (ii) establish spatial histograms in a cohort, (iii) develop a new estimated optimized image intensity threshold (EOIIT) for LGE-MRI identifying patients with ACM, (iv) predict rhythm outcome after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).
Left atrial (LA) fibrosis can be identified by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is limited information about anatomical fibrosis distribution in the left atrium. The aim is to determine whether there is a preferential spatial distribution of fibrosis in the left atrium in patients with AF. A 3-Tesla LGE-CMR was performed in 113 consecutive patients referred for AF ablation. Images were post-processed and analysed using ADAS-AF software (Galgo Medical), which allows fibrosis identification in 3D colour-coded shells. A regional semiautomatic LA parcellation software was used to divide the atrial wall into 12 segments: 1–4, posterior wall; 5–6, floor; 7, septal wall; 8–11, anterior wall; 12, lateral wall. The presence and amount of fibrosis in each segment was obtained for analysis. After exclusions for artefacts and insufficient image quality, 76 LGE-MRI images (68%) were suitable for fibrosis analysis. Segments 3 and 5, closest to the left inferior pulmonary vein, had significantly higher fibrosis (40.42% ± 23.96 and 25.82% ± 21.24, respectively; P < 0.001), compared with other segments. Segments 8 and 10 in the anterior wall contained the lowest fibrosis (2.54% ± 5.78 and 3.82% ± 11.59, respectively; P < 0.001). Age >60 years was significantly associated with increased LA fibrosis [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19–8.39, P = 0.04] and persistent AF approached significance (95% CI −0.19% to 7.83%, P = 0.08). In patients with AF, the fibrotic area is preferentially located at the posterior wall and floor around the antrum of the left inferior pulmonary vein. Age >60 years was associated with increased fibrosis.
High resolution ultrasonography of the hand and wrist was performed on 20 patients with definite or probable rheumatoid arthritis (ARA standard criteria) in its early stage. In all the patients, swelling of the soft tissues of the fingers corresponded to an enlargement of the joint capsule containing a hypoechoic exudate. The rheumatoid nodules appeared as fluid-filled rounded cavities with sharp borders. Rheumatoid tenosynovitis was observed in 18/20 patients. This corresponded to oval or spindle-shaped cavities with a hypoechoic (10/18 cases) or anechoic content (8/18 cases) and with the tendon ribbon inside. Rupture of a tendon was diagnosed in 8/20 cases and it was always confirmed at surgery. Tenosynovitis of the flexor carpi ulnaris at the wrist level was observed in 10/20 patients. Ultrasonography is proposed as an effective first-line approach and as a periodical follow-up survey in early stage rheumatoid arthritis, in combination with standard radiography.