Objective: To determine the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for managing infertile patients with endometriosis.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Assisted Reproductive technology (ART) Center, Fukuda Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.Patient(s): Consecutive total of 209 infertile patients who had undergone laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis as a first-line therapy were enrolled.Intervention(s): Eighty-three women were also involved in ART programs.Main Outcome Measure(s): Age, infertile period, revised American Fertility Society (re-AFS) score, peritubal and periovarian adhesions were compared between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. We also evaluated the pregnancy rate and infertile period, adhesion score and re-AFS score. We compared cumulative pregnancy rates in patients with no (Group CF, n = 142), unilateral (Group U, n = 41) and bilateral endometriomas (Group B, n = 26).Result(s): An infertile period > 3 years and a mean adhesion score > 21 points were negatively correlated with pregnancy rates. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates after surgery and after ART across the four disease stages. The cumulative pregnancy rate of Group B (53.8%) was significantly lower than Groups CF (76.1%) (p<0.01) and U (80.5%) (p<0.05).Conclusion(s): Women with no or unilateral endometriomas and a duration of infertility > 2 years should be encouraged to undergo laparoscopic surgery. However, encouraging such women with bilateral endometriomas to move directly to ART might improve their ability to achieve a pregnancy. Further prospective studies are necessary to test this hypothesis.
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The wheat dough and baking properties of various strong-type wheat grains cultivated in Japan—Kitanokaori (strong), Glenlea and Bluesky (extra-strong), and Haruyutaka (semi-strong)—were evaluated by comparing them with commercial wheat flour, Cameria (strong). Protein contents of Glenlea and Bluesky (15.8 and 15.6%, respectively) were significantly higher than that of Cameria (12.4%), whereas Kitanokaori and Haruyutaka had significantly lower protein contents (11.4 and 9.7%, respectively). The amylose contents of starches of Kitanokaori and Haruyutaka were significantly lower than those of the others. Kitanokaori also had the lowest lipid and ash contents among the wheat flours used. The doughs made from Kitanokaori, Glenlea and Bluesky had significantly higher water absorption, and increased rapidly the resistance to stretch during proofing. The bread baked from Kitanokaori had bigger loaf volume and lower firmness than the others after baking and during storage, whereas Glenlea and Bluesky breads had lower loaf volumes and higher firmness than did Cameria and Kitanokaori though they had higher protein contents. In addition, Haruyutaka bread had the lowest loaf volume and increased in firmness rapidly during storage.
To determine the first line of infertility treatment for managing patients with unilateral or bilateral ovarian endometriomas.We evaluated pregnancy outcome in patients who had received ovarian surgery for unilateral (Group U, n = 47) or bilateral endometriomas (Group B, n = 38) and aspiration with or without alcohol fixation for unilateral (Group u, n = 37) or bilateral endometriomas (Group b, n = 22). Subsequently, 64 of these women, excluding 29 dropouts, underwent assisted reproductive technology. We compared the clinical pregnancy rates of the four groups.The cumulative pregnancy rate after operation of Group B (18%) was significantly lower than that of a cyst-free control group (n = 143; 44%) and Group U (43%). Group B had fewer oocytes fertilized during ART than did Group b (P < 0.005) and fewer blastocysts available for transfer (P < 0.005). The cumulative pregnancy rate of Group B was also lower than in Group b (P = 0.052).Pregnancy outcomes of Group B were not better than for Group b. Therefore, encouraging such women to move directly to ART might help avoid ovarian damage and improve their ability to achieve a pregnancy.
Reproduction, Fertility and Development is an international journal publishing original research , review and comment in the fields of reproduction and developmental biology in humans, domestic animals and wildlife
Fully oxidized cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) under enzymatic turnover is capable of pumping protons, while fully oxidized CcO as isolated is not able to do so upon one-electron reduction. The functional difference is expected to be a consequence of structural differences: [Fe(3+)-OH(-)] under enzymatic turnover versus [Fe(3+)-O(2)(2-)-Cu(2+)] for the as-isolated CcO. However, the electron density for O(2)(2-) is equally assignable to Cl(-). An anomalous dispersion analysis was performed in order to conclusively demonstrate the absence of Cl(-) between the Fe(3+) and Cu(2+). Thus, the peroxide moiety receives electron equivalents from cytochrome c without affecting the oxidation states of the metal sites. The metal-site reduction is coupled to the proton pump.
